KTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE. 



adult insects emerge from the end of July to late September. They are sluggish and 

 move about slowly. The females deposit their eggs on the under-side of the leaves 

 of the blackberry and raspberry, each female laying from 100 to 150 eggs, which 

 hatch in late September or early October. As soon as the young larvae are hatched 

 they crawl down and enter the base of the canes, feeding but a short time. In this 

 young state they remain dormant all winter. They commence to feed and work 

 their way downwards through the pith early in the spring, and feeding is continued 

 until the following autumn, when, as well-grown larva?, they again pass the winter 

 in a dormant state. Feeding commences again in the following spring, the larvae 

 commencing to work up the canes until at the approach of the pupation period, on 

 reaching the end of their tunnels, they eat through tie wood until only a very thin 

 covering of bark remains. Pupation then takes place, which may be any time from 

 the beginning of July to late August. When emergence is about to take place the 

 pupa forces itself partly through the remaining covering of bark and the adults 

 appear shortly afterwards, 



Control. Examine canes in the fall or spring when thinning and pruning; 

 remove all infested plants and burn them. 



RASPBERBY-CAXE MAGGOT (Phorbia riibirora). 



This is the larva of a small fly somewhat -resembling a house-fly, but smaller. 

 It attacks the young canes of raspberry, blackberry, and allied plants. The egg is 

 laid in spring or early summer in the axil of a leaf (i.e.. in the augle between the 

 leaf and the stem) near the tip of a shoot. From this a small whitish maggot 

 emerges which bo: y into the pith of the cane. It then eats its way down 



the cane for some distance, bores its way outwards until just under the bark, and 

 from this point eats out a burrow right around the cane, effectually girdling it. A- 

 a consequence, the part of the cane above this point wilts and dies. The larva con- 

 tinues to eat its way down the pith and eventually pupates in the lower part of its 

 burrow. The fly emerges the following spring. 



Control. Affected canes, as soon as the wilting is noticed, should be cut off well 

 below the point where they have been girdled and burned. The line of girdling can 

 usually be detected as a bluish ring visible externally. This treatment carefully 

 carried out will reduce the infestation the following season. 



THE CURRANT AXD GOOSEBERRY FRUIT-FLY (Epochra canadensis). 



This is the most serious pest of the currant and gooseberry in this Province. 

 It attacks the fruit itself, making it quite worthless. The eggs are deposited under 

 the skin of the fruit, usually one to a fruit. From this a small maggot hatches 

 which bores into the interior of the fruit. The first indication that the fruit is 

 attacked appears as a discoloured spot on the injured side, and the underlying tissue 

 appears opaque. Growth of the berry on this side ceases, and consequently the 

 berry becomes deformed. It ripens prematurely and then falls off. The larva 

 generally remains in the fruit until it falls, then it pupates in an earthern cell at 

 a depth of 1 or I 1 -!, inches below the surface of the soil. The adult emerges in the 

 following May. It is a two- winged fly about the size of a house-fly, of a yellow or 

 orange colour, with dusky bandings on the wings. 



rol. From the fact that the egg is laid beneath the skin of the fruit, and 

 the insect during its injurious stage is buried in the tissue of the fruit, control is 

 difficult Poultry allowed to run amongst the bushes will pick up the fallen berries 

 with their contained larva?, thus lessening the possible infestation for the succeeding 

 year. Spading over the ground to a depth of 4 or 5 inches close up to and for some 

 little distance away from the b'ush. in late summer or fall, will kill some of the 

 pupee and expose others to the action of the weather and their natural enemies, 

 insectivorous birds. Poultry running over the ground would also be useful at this 

 . Mulching the ground in spring heavily with straw has been suggested to 



>nt the emergence of the fly. Owing to the habits of pest, spraying to prevent 



