7<> 1 >K1'ARTMENT <>K AGRICULTURE. 



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DISINFECTANTS. 

 > 1""K WoiNDs ox TREES A>D FOR PRUNIXG-TOOLS USED FOR BLIGHT, i 



'liinntr, 1 part to 1.000 parts water. Best to get tablets at the 

 drug-store : use tablets as recommended by the druggist. as they vary in size, one 

 tablet to a pint of water being sufficient in some cases. In others three or four are 

 recessa ry. 



:sive sublimate is highly ioisonons when taken internally. It corrodes 

 metals and must be used in wooden or glass vessels. 



Formalin (formaldehyde) is useful in the disinfection of seed; e.g.. against 

 grain-smuts. Formalin should not be used as a disinfectant in fire-blight work. 



SPRAYING MACHINERY. 



The value of a spray outfit does not depend so much on the work it is capable 

 <>f doing as on the competency of the man using it. Just as good work has been 

 :nplished and results obtained with a barrel hand-pump as with a i*>wer-sprayer. 

 Both good and poor work is being accomplished every year with all tyi>es. depending 

 largely on the efficiency of the man in charge. With this in view it would be useless 

 to go fully into the question of spray outfit and make any recommendations, as it is 

 difficult to know who the reader will le. However, there are a few general princi- 

 ples with regard to their purchase which are worthy of mention. 



In selecting an outfit the fruit-grower should not select his type from the stand- 

 point of his present necessities, but should consider his requirements for the near 

 future, during at least part of the lifetime of the outfit. It should be simple in con- 

 struction <so it will not require thv services of an expert mechanic to adjust it), 

 strong, easily worked, easily cleaned, and one in which high pressure can be main- 

 tained. This latter point. though possibly not of any great importance as far as the 

 majority of our orchard pests are concerned, is imjiortant. as it influences greatly 

 the labour cost of spraying. luuble pressure decreases considerably the time 

 required for spraying, and it will be noticed in the cost of spraying as given below 

 that lalHiur is an iuijiortant item. 



Always wash out thoroughly and drain the spray outfit after using. This will 



a lot of trouble and time. 



Some essentials in a good spray outfit are: 



i l.i The pump. etc.. should be simple, strong, and easy to adjust. 

 - The pump should be lined with brass, or some material which will not be 

 corroded or rusted by the spray mixture. 



(3.) The air-chamber should be of sufficient size to maintain a uniform pressure. 

 and strong enough for high pressure. 



(4.i A good agitator is required, as the fungicidal and insecticidal value of most 

 of our sprays is contained in the fine particles held in susi>eusioH in the water. 



A ^'ood strainer is necessary, especially where lime is used. The cone- 

 shaiied strainers have been found to be the most satisfactory. 



I hose only should be used. The l>est is none too good. 



i 7. i A <,::!< >. Two tyjtes of nozzles are in common use and are giving good results 

 the Bordeaux type, which delivers a flat driving spray, and the Friend tyi>e, which 

 delivers a circular spray. When spraying for codling-moth, or when winter spraying 

 old trees with shaggy bark, bad crotches, etc.. a high-pressure driving spray is best. 

 and the Bordeaux nozzle is the one to use. For summer spraying when the chief 

 object is to cover a large surface, or on young trees with a smooth bark, the nozzles 

 which deliver a circular spray, as the Friend. Bean Jumbo, etc.. are the most economi- 

 cal ones to use. 



It is well to have the nozzle on the rod at an angle of 45 degrees, as this greatly 

 facilitates spraying. 



