10 INTRODUCTION 



to the Government of India before mentioned, dated 

 February 16, 1899. This suggestion was published 

 in The Indian Medical Gazette, and in The British 

 Medical Journal for July 1899 ; and a few months 

 later Professor Ross made similar proposals in detail 

 for Sierra Leone. As a result, a limited campaign 

 against Anophelines was begun at Hong-Kong in 1900 

 by Young and Thomson, and the results published 

 by them in The British Medical Journal, September 16, 

 1901. So far as it went, this limited campaign was 

 successful, and it holds the honour of being the first. 

 Then Dr. Doty instituted, early in 1900, measures for 

 the reduction of all mosquitos in Staten Island, near 

 New York. But the first extensive campaign was 

 that started at Havana in the spring of 1900 against 

 all kinds of mosquitos. Havana is a city of 250,000 

 people, and it remains famous for continuing one of 

 the largest and most complete sanitary campaigns 

 ever organised ; yellow fever has been abolished. 

 Two months after Havana, Professor Ross followed 

 suit by organising a campaign against both Anophe- 

 lines and Culecines in Sierra Leone, Bathurst, and 

 other towns of the Gold Goast that were infected with 

 malaria. Simultaneously, Sir William MacGregor, 

 G.C.M.G., and Dr. Strachan at Lagos tried the effects 

 of window-screening and the distribution of quinine 

 and the drainage of marshes against that disease. 

 These were the earliest campaigns. 



The clearing of Ismailia in 1902, at Professor 

 Ross's advice, was the next undertaking. The town 

 was racked with malaria. Both Anophelines and 



