COLONIZATION OF WASTE LANDS 115 



schemes should be devised for reclaiming and colonizing 

 them. I would suggest that Government should encourage 

 private enterprise to take up such colonization schemes on 

 waste land by granting liberal financial assistance by way of 

 mortgage loans which would be advanced by stages as the 

 improvements were carried out. 



(3) Whilst the development of waste lands will obviously 

 provide room tor the emigration of cultivators from surround- 

 ing districts, there is another line of economic development 

 which will be more fruitful in making labor more productive. 

 I mean, the investment of more capital in the land already 

 under cultivation. The permanent improvement of lands 

 has been the burden of my lectures ; and it is unnecessary 

 here to repeat a description of the various works by which 

 this is achieved. I am concerned to emphasize that the 

 investment of capital in the land has the result of making 

 the existing labor more productive and also of giving 

 employment to more labor : consequently the investment of 

 capital in the land has just as useful results from the point 

 of view of national economy as bringing more waste land 

 under cultivation. 



The raising of the standard of living also results from 

 making labor more productive by investing capital in 

 the operations of cultivation as well as in the permanent 

 improvement ' of land. Capital invested in better cattle 

 and other live-stock, in keeping and distributing stocks 

 of improved seed, and in agricultural implements and 

 machinery will not only bring a considerable profit to the 

 farmer, but will also result in the payment of a higher rate 

 of wages in technical language the marginal productivity 

 of labor is increased by this investment of capital. 



(4) The last, but not the least important, are the methods 

 of raising the standard of living by the development of 

 industries. By this I mean large scale production in the 



