GENERAL PART OF EXAMINATION. 37 



be placed under the body and the animal raised with block and 

 tackle. 



The ox is often hard to induce to stand up after it has been 

 down for a time. It may be able to get up, but through obstinacy 

 will not do so. Whipping and beating in such cases is usually of 

 no avail; yelling in the animal's ear, setting a dog on it or tieing 

 its nose shut may be tried. [By placing a rope around the body 

 so that it passes beneath the brisket in front and the ischii behind, 

 we have improvised a handle by which several persons can lift the 

 malingerer to its feet.] 



• Animals may be unable to arise : 



a. In Tetanus. Horses suffering- from tetanus, if 

 down, are as a rule unable to stand up without help, as the 

 spasmodic contractions of the extensors of the limbs prevent 

 it. When recumbent, the upper pair of legs do not come in 

 contact with the ground. The animals are very restless and 

 bedewed with sweat. 



b. In Azoturia. Horses suffering from acute azo- 

 turia make vain efforts to stand. They are sometimes only 

 partially successful, the fore part of the body being raised and 

 supported by the front legs, but the hind limbs are unable to 

 bear their share of the weight, breaking down under it. 



c. In Spinal paralysis from Fractures of Ver- 

 tebrae. The patients lose control of the hind parts which are 

 no longer sensible to pain [pin pricks]'. Sometimes, however, 

 reflex spinal convulsions attend "broken back." Dogs with 

 paralyzed hind parts usually sit sideways, the legs directed 

 away from the body. 



d. Ante-and Post-partum Paresis. Occurs 

 in cows before or after calving. The animals seem to be in 

 comparatively good health, have a good appetite, but can not 

 regain their feet. There are no further symptoms of disease 

 or injury. They often lie stretched out on the side, [Prog- 

 nosis is favorable]. 



e. Milk Fever (parturient paresis). The cow lies 

 in a comatose condition on the left side as if in profound sleep, 

 the head resting against the right chest. If the head be lifted 



