58 



CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. 



be lifted with the fingers of the left hand, the left one with those 

 of the right hand. By means of the tliumb the upper eyelid is 

 raised, the index finger then replaces the thumb, and by gently 

 pressing the everted lid inwardly, the mucous membrane of the 

 upper eyelid and the membrana nictitans become visible. The 

 thumb, which is now free, draws the lower lid downward. The 

 other three fingers may be rested against the zygomatic arch, 

 steadying the hand. (See figure 16). 



V 



^W 



^^ 



1 



Fig. 16. 

 In the ox a good view of the scleral conjunctiva may be ob- 

 tained by simply taking hold of a horn and the nose, and drawing 

 the head to one side. 



If we wish to arrive at the condition of the blood from 

 an examination of the mucous membrane of tlie eye, that 

 organ must be free from local irritation. Severe exercise,, 

 and high atmospheric temperature cause a healthy mucous 

 membrane to appear very red from physiological congestion ; 

 local inflammation also produces congestions. 



A careful coinparison of both eyes will enable us to deter- 

 mine the presence of local inflammation. In healthy animals 



