•G2 CLINICAL DL\GXOSTICS. 



pleuropneumonia of the horse, purpura hemorrhagica, ma- 

 hgnant head catarrh of the ox, bovine pest, anthrax, dog dis- 

 temper, chicken diphtheritis. 



The swelhng may be due to hydremia, as in primary 

 anemia and in cachectic diseases of sheep : Hver fluke disease, 

 huig and stomach worm plague. 



In the course of chronic diseases of the stomach and in- 

 testines a slight swelling of the conjunctiva, attended with a 

 washed-muddy and sometimes icteric discoloration, appears. 



The conjunctiva may be drier than normal in severe feb- 

 rile diseases and bad colics. 



5. Bodily Temperature. 



The internal temperature of the body is maintained, with 

 slight variation, at a definite elevation by means of an es- 

 pecial regulating apparatus. The production of heat in the 

 bodv and the loss of heat from the body are kept equal. If 

 the temperature varies from the -normal, and this variation be 

 preserved for a time, a disturbance due to disease is afifecting 

 the regulatory apparatus. 



The determination of the internal temperature is of great 

 importance in the diagnosis of disease, for each deviation 

 from the normal is to be considered a symptom of considera- 

 ble moment. In all diseases affecting internal organs, the 

 measuring of the temperature is imperative. 



Method of examination. Thermometry. Formerly the 

 temperature was approximated by laying the hand upon dif- 

 ferent parts of the body, namely the nose, ears, horns, extrem- 

 ities, or by inserting the fingers into the mouth. Such methods 

 require long practice before a reliable estimate can be ob- 

 tained, and they are always deceptive. Only in exceptional 

 cases are they now in vogue. The temperature is most ac- 

 curately measured with a thermometer, graduated in degrees 

 and tenths of a degree. [Except in America, England and 

 perhaps one other country the Celsius (centigrade) thermom- 

 eter is in common use. It is graduated into 100 degrees, and 



