66 CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. 



Besides mere increase in temperature, the following phe- 

 nomena attend fever: 



1. Chili When the temperature of the body rises very 

 rapidly the peculiar symptoms of chill are shown : pronounced 

 trembling of the muscles, which can shake the whole body, 

 arched back, erect hair coat, cold skin. Chill is not a con- 

 stant symptom of fever, occurring only in certain infectious 

 diseases, such as anthrax, bovine pest, septicemia, pyemia, 

 malignant head catarrh. [It is sometimes seen in animals 

 reacting to tuberculin or mallein]. 



2. Uiict'cii distribtitioii of the external temperature of 

 the body. The ears, horns, nose and extremities are abnor- 

 mally warm or cold, one extreme alternating with the other. 

 The muzzle of the ox, the nose of the dog and the snout of 

 the hog are dry. even creviced and alternately too hot or too 

 cold. 



3. Aeecleration of the pulse and respirations take place 

 more slowlv than the increase in temperature ; and they do 

 not bear the same relationship to the temperature in all fevers. 

 The higher the pulse frequency, the more serious the fever, 

 the pulse becoming weak and the artery soft. 



4. Loss of appetite and impaired digestion. In fever 

 the secretion of the digestive juices is lessened, peristalsis 

 suppressed (constipation), thirst increased. 



5. Mental depression. 



6. Albuminuria. 



Although the variations in the normal temperature of a 

 given animal are confined to narrow limits, when the tem- 

 perature exceeds these limits w^e are not always justified in 

 assuming the presence of fever. The physiological functions 

 of the organs can momentarily become sufficiently accelerated 

 to produce a degree of temperature in excess of the usual 

 normal one. The appearance of concomitant symptoms or 

 repeated recording of the temperature will generally decide 



