90 CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. 



becomes prevalent. Tlie pressure of the exudate upon the veins 

 causes congestion in jugulars (venous pulse). 



Traumatic pericarditis of the ox. Begins usually with the 

 symptoms of an acute indigestion (traumatic inflammation of the 

 stomach and diaphragm), which may continue for some time. If 

 the pointed foreign body is driven forward, which is commonly 

 caused by the expulsive efiforts of the abdominal muscles during 

 the act of parturition, it usually reaches the heart. The general 

 condition of the patient is greatly disturbed, the expression com- 

 plaining, anxious. The animals stand with back arched and held 

 stiffly, do not like to lie down, and when recumbent rest con- 

 tinually on the sternum. * When arising they utter complaints. 

 Temperature variable, external (surface) temi)erature never quite 

 normal. Pulse rapid, artery tense. Heart beat cannot be felt, 

 zone of cardiac dullness increased and tympanitic when gas has 

 accumulated in the pericardium. On auscultation in the earlier 

 stages pericardial frictional bruits, heart sounds clear, when much 

 exudate is present weak; systolic bruits of a metallic character 

 in consequence of spasm-like contractions of the heart. When 

 putrefactive gases are present the heart sounds can -be so loud 

 and metallic as to be heard at a distance. Jugulars distended,, 

 pulsating (undulating), edema of brisket, neck and throat. Course 

 chronic notwithstanding severity of the ailment. Prognosis bad. 



7. Respiratory Apparatus. 



The examination of the respiratory- 

 tract is one of the most important re- 

 sponsibilities of the veterinarian, first 

 because it is frequently subject to disease, and secondly froin 

 its availability to thorough inspection. 



From the complex anatomy of the apparatus, and the 

 value to diagnostics of the varied clinical phenomena it mani- 

 fests in disease, a searching examination of the respiratory 

 tract can only be made by following a definite system. 



The examination would include attention to the following : 

 I. The r e s p i r a t o r y m o V e m e n t s (res- 

 pirations). 

 II. The breath. 



III. The nasal discharge. 



IV. The nasal cavities and adjacent 



sinuses. 

 V. The submaxillary lymph glands. 



