RESPIRATORY APPARATUS. HI 



g I e s ) often lead to suppuration (ab- 

 scess), which can be determined by fluctiiation. In 

 glanders diffuse abscess formation never occurs in the glands; 

 only rarely does a small purulent focus (farcy bud) appear in 

 the skin over the gland. Firm, hard enlargements 

 are always due to some chronic irritation and consist of con- 

 nective tissue proliferations. Such attend chronic glanders, 

 catarrhs and dental fistulae. 



d. Temperature and sensitiveness. When 

 the glands are hot and tender (inflamed), the morbid con- 

 dition is acute (strangles). If the enlargement of the gland 

 is firm, cold and painless, it points to glanders, chronic catarrh, 

 tumors or hyperplasias [leucemia]. 



Movability of the glands. If the irritatiou 

 is chronic and attended with the formation of new connective 

 tissue, the process involves the environing tissue, forming ad- 

 hesions with its neighborhood. In acute purulent inflammation 

 of the glands there develops in the vicinity, namely, directly 

 beneath the skin, an inflammatory edematous and later a 

 phlegmonous siveU'uig. 



The extirpation of a diseased lymph gland is recommended 

 where glanders is suspected. Its object is the patho-anatomical 

 or bacteriological examination of the gland. The operation can 

 be performed on the standing animal when local anesthesia is 

 employed, and is not dangerous. 



VI. Cough. 



Cough is a suddenly occurring expi- 

 ratory impulse which follows a deep in- 

 spiration. The glottis is forcibly opened 

 during the act, causing a sound to be 

 emitted. By coughing accumulations of mucus are re- 

 moved from the bronchi, trachea or lar_\ nx. In animals cough, 

 is a reflex action which can to a certain, extent be suppressed. 

 Although it can be induced by irritation to many peripheral 

 nerves, as a rule it emanates from branches of the vagus nerve 



