116 



CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. 



In birds the larynx may be inspected by simply opening- 

 the bill and pressing the larynx upwardly. In dogs and cats, 

 and to a more limited extent in goats and sheep a view of the 

 larynx may be obtained by opening the mouth and drawing the 

 tongue forward. 



Laryngoscopy. 



With the aid of the laryngoscope invented by Polansky 

 and Schindelka, the interior of the larynx may be examined 

 directly. For the diagnosis of inflammatory conditions in the 

 larynx this examination is of no practical value. However, 



Fig. 31. 

 View of the larynx with paralysis of the left side, as seen through the laryngoscope. 



in paralysis of the arytenoid cartilages the instrument can be 

 used to advantage. [This instrument, which is a modified 

 endoscope, consists of a cylinder 56cm long and 4.7cm in diam- 

 eter, at one end of which is an optical illuminating apparatus. 

 The light is furnished by an electric battery, and undue heat 

 is prevented by a special cooling arrangement. The instrument 

 is inserted through the nostrils and can be used in the horse 

 without casting.] In left-sided paralysis of the larynx (roar- 

 ing) the left arytenoid cartilage is seen to project farther into 

 the lumen of the organ than the right one. This can be more 

 distinctlv seen when the larynx is moving. As the larynx o£ 



