RESPIRATORY APPARATUS. 129 



expiration, may sometimes even be felt, and occur most fre- 

 quently in a series of abrupt, jerking noises upon which cough 

 has no influence. Rales are commonly more pronounced 

 at mspiration than at expiration, are not jerking in character, 

 and are removed or modified by cough. 



Diseases of the Respiratory Apparatus. 



a. Cavities of the Head. 



Acute nasal catarrh. Rhinitis catarrhosa. Congestion of the 



disH™e"'"n'"l"''',''''°'!' ''' '""'^°"'- '■''^'■^'>' mucopurulent nasal 

 discharge. Only when disease is severe is mild fever present: 

 transient swelling ot the submaxillary lymph glands. 



Chronic nasal catarrh. Mostly unilateral. Discharge often 

 mucopurulent or light colored and "glassy" in appearance; quan- 

 tity varies Isasal mucous membrane pale, sometimes catarrhal 

 erosions. Enlargement of the submaxillary lymph glands. 



Chronic catarrh of the superior maxillary and frontal sinuses. 

 Symptoms of unilateral chronic nasal catarrh. When head is 

 lowered discharge suddenly increases. Bulging of the diseased 

 sinuses; it tilled with exudate flat sound on percussion. 



Tumors in the cavities of the head. Most common are sar- 

 comas m the sinuses and polypi in the nasal cavities. Chronic 

 nasal discharge, enlargements, wheezing respiratory sounds, sub- 

 maxillary glands also diseased. 



Parasites in the cavities of the head. Larvae of Oestrus ovis 

 in the sheep, pentastomum taenioides in the dog. Sneezing, nasal 

 discharge, wheezing respirations, brain symptoms. 



b. L a r y n x and Bronchi. 



Acute laryngeal catarrh. Laryngitis acuta. Cough which is 



at hrst dry and painful, later more moist. When disease is severe- 

 mild fever, accelerated pulse, dyspnea with laryngeal stenotic 

 sound. 



Croupous laryngitis. Sudden fever, sometimes chills Per- 

 sisteTit, hacking cough. Loud laryngeal stehotic sounds, great in- 

 spiratory dyspnea. 



Edema of the glottis. Suddenly appearing severe inspiratory 

 dyspnea, loud wheezing or shrieking respiratory noise, head held' 

 extended. Stenotic sound does not disappear by partially closing- 

 the nasal openings. Peracute course. 



_ Chronic laryngeal catarrh. Cough, especially when the animal- 

 is first brought out into the air and at work. 



Roaring. Hemiplegia laryngis sinistra. An atrophy of the 

 muscles of the larynx due to a paralysis of the inferior laryngeal 

 nerve (recurrent), which :auses an inspiratory sound. No fever 



