130 CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. 



no catarrhal symptoms. Prolonged hoarse cough with Peturn 

 sound. Inspiratory sound when respirations are forced. Partial 

 closing of the nasal openings causes sound to cease. 



Acute paralysis of the larynx. Suddenly appearing severe 

 inspiratory dyspnea, which is apparent when the animal is at rest 

 or slightly excited; loud whistling or shrieking respiratory noises, 

 anxiety, r&stlessness. Partial closing of the na'sal openings dimin- 

 ishes the sound. General condition not disturbed. 



Acute bronchial catarrh. May only he diagnosed when dis- 

 ease is well developed. Fever, accelerated pulse, dyspnea, cough 

 which is at first dry, later loose. Full sound on percussion. On 

 auscultation, rales which depend as to character upon the seat 

 and quantity of the exudate. 



Chronic bronchial catarrh. No fever. As a rule a short, dull, 

 weak cough. Dyspnea not pronounced at rest; at work marked. 

 Sometimes a fine-foamy, serous nasal discharge. 



Verminous bronchitis. Lung-worm plague. Develops slowlj- 

 under symptoms of bronchial catarrh with prolific exudation. In 

 mucus: parasites, eggs, or embryos of Strongylidae. Later, 

 anemia, cachexia and death. 



Strongylus filaria in sheep and goat; strongylus micrus in ox; 

 strongylus paradoxus in swine, and strongylus syngamus in fowls. 



c. Lungs. 



Pulmonary congestion and pulmonary edema. Sudden ap- 

 pearance. Scvtre mixed dyspnea up to 100 respirations per min- 

 ute. Percussion normal, auscultation: exaggerated vesicular res- 

 pirations, crepitant rales, rhonchi. 



Pleurodynia. This is a congestion of the lungs combined with 

 severe pains in the thoracic walls. General apathy, excessive dila- 

 tation of the thorax, which is "held." Groaning. Respirations 80 

 per minute, superficial. Temperature high-normal, pulse accel- 

 erated. Super-resonant sound on percussion, feeble vesicular 

 murmur. 



Catarrhal pneumonia. Bronchopneumonia. Begins usually as 

 catarrhal bronchitis. High, intermittent fever, painful cpugh. 

 Only when disease is extended can pneumonia be appreciated; 

 circumscribed patches of dullness on percussion; vesicular mur- 

 mur feeble, rarely bronchial respirations. 



Gangrene of the lungs. Fever. Breath at first of a sickening, 

 sweetish odor, later stinking. Discolored greyish-brown, tena- 

 cious nasal discharge. Percussion: tympanitic sound, cracked-pot 

 sound; at periphery of necrotic centers, dullness. Auscultation: 

 large rales, bronchial respiration, amphoric sound. Not infre- 

 quently combined, with pleuritis. 



Alveolar emphysema. May only be diagnosed when well de- 

 veloped. Expiratory dyspnea with "double-pumping" of the 

 flanks, protrusion of the anus. Cough: short, dull, weak. Super- 



