DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 133 



ulcerous. Lymphatics efferent and afferent to these nodules are 

 enlarged to thickness of a finger. See also specific examination 

 for glanders. 



Contagious pleuropneumonia of cattle is a contagious crou- 

 pous interstitial pneumonia. We distinguish an occult stage 

 which is marked by a slight cough, fever, and slight dyspnea. In 

 the acute stage we have distinct fever — 41°C [105. 8°F] and the 

 symptoms of an acute pleuropneumonia. Great dyspnea, weak, 

 short cough, some nasal discharge, extended empty sound on per- 

 cussion, friction bruits, bronchial respiration, rales. Appetite, 

 rumination and secretion of milk suspended. 



Malignant catarrhal fever is a specific disease of the ox, has 

 a subacute course and aftects chiefly the respiratory and digestive 

 mucous membranes, and the brain. Disease is introduced with 

 chills. Great mental depression, muscular trembling, stiffness, 

 sometimes inability to stand. Conjunctivitis and keratitis. Diph- 

 theritic inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose, 

 sinuses of the head, trachea and mouth, rattling, wheezing and 

 breathing. No appetite, secretion of milk suspended. 



Distemper of dogs is a very contagious disease that is char- 

 acterized chiefly by catarrhal affections of the mucous membranes. 

 Symptoms quite varied; we distinguish: catarrhal, nervous and 

 exanthematous distemper. Symptoms of the disease develop 

 slowly. Animals are indisposed, conjunctivitis, keratitis, vomiting, 

 disturbed appetite, slimy nasal discharge, cough, dyspnea, tym- 

 panitic and occasionally dulled sound on percussion of lungs, rales. 

 Spasms affecting the whole body or only certain groups of mus- 

 cles, general muscular weakness, paralysis. Vesicular and pustular 

 exanthema. 



8. Digestive Apparatus. 



Diseases of the digestive apparatus are common in domes- 

 tic animals. Their diagnosis is. in some respects, far more 

 difficult than that of the respiratory apparatus because the 

 organs concerned are not as accessible to examination. For 

 this reason every possible factor must receive most careful 

 consideration. We observe these in the following order: 

 I. Food and Drink. 

 II. The Buccal Cavity. 

 III. The Pharynx and Esophagus. 

 IV. Rumination. 

 V. V o m i t i n,g . 

 VI. T h e A b d o m e n . 

 VII. The Intestinal Evacuations. 



