DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 135 



rhea exists; horses with acute cerebritis also refuse water. 

 Continued refusal of water is on the whole considered as an 

 unfavoraTjle sign; when horses with colic drink water it is 

 regarded as a favorable sign. 



Thirst is increased in the course of various diseases: 



1. Animals with fever like small sips of fresh water 

 at frequent intervals. 



2. When the crisis occurs in influenza or contagious 

 pleuro-pneumonia of the horse, increased renal 

 secretion and thirst go hand in hand. 



3. Exudative pleuritis and peritonitis. 



4. Diabetes insipidus of horses is attended with 

 marked increase of thirst; several pailfuls are 

 taken at a time. 



5. Gastric and intestinal catarrh [diarrhea] of dogs 

 — attended with frequent vomiting. 



By the term perverted or depraved appetite we mean the 

 craving of unnatural food by otherwise healthy [ ?] animals. 

 As a rule this is a very important symptom. Of course this 

 condition must not be confounded with playfulness of young 

 animals which gnaw at, bite and even swallow almost any- 

 thing of convenient consistency and size. Thus cattle will 

 liclc at one's clothes, dogs eat blades of grass. 



A craving for alkalies is pathological : e. g. straw soiled 

 with urine and feces, whitewash, etc., on walls, wood; acids 

 in dyspepsia. 



Szi'allozving indigestible substances, like cloth, leather, 

 wood, stones, and similar objects is observed in lick disease 

 of cattle, and wool eating of sheep ; in rabies the same is 

 observed. 



b. Manner of taking food. Healthy horses grasp the 

 food with their lips and pass it into the mouth, then with the 

 aid of the tongue and cheeks it is forced between the molars. 

 Sheep and goats do likewise. Healthy cattle grasp their food 

 with the extended tongue, curved like a hook. 



