DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 163 



liypostomus, filicollis and cernuus. Tenia expansa, Tricho- 

 cephahis affinis. and [Tenia fimbriata]. In the bile ducts: 

 Distomum hepaticum and lanceolatum, and [Tenia fimbriata]. 



Goaf: Strongylus contortus, hypostomns. filicollis and 

 A'enulosus. Trichocephalus affinis. Tenia expansa. 



Pig: Spiroptera strongylina, Trichina spiralis, Ascaris 

 lumbricoides, Echynorynchus gigas, Strongylus dentatus. Tri- 

 cocephalus dispar. In the liver : Distomum hepaticum and 

 lanceolatum. 



Dog: Tenia echinococcus, cenurus, marginata, serrata, 

 cucumerina. Bothriocephalus cordatus and latus, Ascaris mys- 

 tax, Dochmius trigonocephalus, Trichocephalus depressiuscu- 

 lus. 



The discharge of intestinal gases occurs only in horses 

 and dogs ; corn and green feed produce these gases in large 

 quantities. In old cows, with chronic affections of the rec- 

 tum or undue laxness of the sphincter ani, air is often sucked 

 in during the act of expiration and expelled again at inspira- 

 tion, thus producing a sound as though intestinal gases were 

 being discharged. 



Addendum. An examination of the liver and spleen of 

 domesticated animals is usually impracticable and in fact of 

 little importance because primary diseases of these organs are 

 rare. An enlarged liver in the dog can be felt in the region 

 of the last rib. in the large animals palpation of the liver per 

 rectum may, in rare instances, give valuable information. 

 AVhen greatly enlarged the spleen in the horse and the liver 

 in the ox can thus be felt and tubercles, echinococci and 

 tumors recognized. 



Diseases of the Digestive Apparatus. 



a. AI o u t h , P h a r jMi X and Esophagus. 



Stomatitis. Here the morbid changes can be directly ob- 

 served; three forms: Stomatitis catarrhalis, st. vesicularis, st. 

 ulcerosa. 



Ptyalism. A continued discharge of large quantities of saliva 

 without any assignable cause. 



