DIGESTIVE APPARATUS. 165 



■containing mucus, appetite impaired. Mucous membranes muddy 

 red. Urine acid. 



Colic of horses. The term colic is applied in a general way 

 to pathological conditions of the gastro-intestinal tract that cause 

 horses to manifest symptoms of pain. As a rule they are caused 

 by interrupted progress of the intestinal contents. The most im- 

 portant symptoms are those indicating pain, efiforts to uri- 

 nate and defecate, diminished peristalsis and retarded defeca- 

 tion. Sometimes impaction or torsion of the bowels can be rec- 

 ognized as the causes (rectal examination). Before making a 

 prognosis note carefully the condition of the conjunctiva and the 

 pulse. 



Gastro-enteritis. Inflammation of the stomach 

 and intestine. High fever, great depression of the sensorium, 

 mucous membranes muddy red; pulse very rapid, respiration in- 

 creased. Complete loss of appetite, buccq.1 mucous membrane hot, 

 feces as m diarrhea, foul odor, and bloody. Rising is painful! 

 Forms: Gastro-enteritis rheumatica, toxica, cruposa, mycotica 

 parasitica. ' 



c. Gastric and Intestinal Diseases of Cattle. 



_ Acute tympanitis. Hoven, bloat. Rapid tympanitic disten- 

 tion of the paunch, food and drink are refused, defecation retard- 

 ed. Increased and labored breathing, animals are anxious and 

 restless. 



Acute dyspepsia. Acute derangement of activity of stomach. 

 No fever. Feed is absolutely refused, rumination suspended, belch- 

 ing, abdomen full, paunch contents firm, paunch movements slight, 

 auscultation reveals sounds of bursting bubbles, feces dry, later on 

 containing coarse food particles. 



Acute gastro-intestinal catarrh. Fever, conjunctiva reddened, 

 pulse frequent, appetite often entirely wanting, flanks sunk in, 

 paunch movements incomplete. Milk secretion suddenly retarded. 



Chronic gastro-intestinal catarrh. Gradual development and 

 frequent change of symptoms. Appetite reduced, bloating follows 

 a heavy feed, rumination interrupted. Defecation usually retard- 

 ed, feces mixed with mucus, now and then, diarrhea. If disease 

 is severe diarrhea is continuous. Animal weak, falls off in flesh. 



Chronic tympanitis, chronic indigestion. Periodi- 

 cally recurring attacks oi slight bloating of paunch that continue 

 for some time. Rumination and paunch movements retarded. 

 Coarse food particles in feces. 



Dislocation of bcwel. 1. Invagination (telescoping) of 

 infesting. Occurs suddenly and without external cause. Animals 

 are restless, lie down, get up again, kick their bellies, groan. These 

 symptoms attended with fever. Feeding and rumination cease, 

 obstinate constipation, discharges of mucus and blood. Pains 

 soon grow less but fever increases. Palpation per rectum usually 

 enables us to feel the invaginatcd gut. 



2. P e r i to n c a 1 _ h e r n i a or gut tie in the ox. Symp- 

 toms same as in invagination, in addition an abducted position of 



