URINARY APPARATUS. 177" 



the United States.] It is used as follows: Fill the tube with 

 urine to the mark U (urine), then add reagents sufficient to fill 

 the tube up to the mark R (reagents) as follows: '""''''^"^ ^° ^"^^ 



citric acid, 2.0 cc, 



picro-nitric acid 1.0 cc, 



distilled water 100.0 cc; 

 put on a stopper, shake well, and let stand 24 hours. The sedi- 

 nr^Tn^'"^' t7'''-' °^ albumin can then be read off in fractions 

 ^rnm,"n? nf ll • "''^^^""^^"t gives good results providing the 

 amount of albumin present does not much exceed 0.2%; in that 



one or t'lr.. °l' '''''"f '^' """'• '""'^ ^° ^'^^^ °^ ^.5%. bv adding 

 hrm^iU nl'!^ volumes of water respectively; the result must theS 

 be multiphed by 2 or 4 according to the dilution. 



Albuminuria occurs : 



In all febrile diseases, especially in acute infectious dis- 

 eases; contagious pleuro-pneumonia of the horse and in in- 

 fluenza. 



In acute and chronic affections of the kidneys. 



In venous congestion, hence in organic heart disease, 

 emphysema and in the various forms of heaves 



In blood diseases; leukaemia, ansemia. 



In nervous affections, epilepsy, eclampsia. 



II. Albumosuria. Examinations for albumoses have 

 only recently become of importance, since simpler methods 

 have been discovered. The occurrence of albumoses de- 

 pends upon entirely different conditions than those which 

 produce albuminuria. Albumosuria is not caused by in- 

 flammation of the kidneys, by disorders of circulation nor by 

 anemia. Changes in the composition of the blood play 

 the chief role here. Albumoses cannot be determined by 

 boiling the fluid containing them, nor by the addition of" 

 acids. It is only in the absence of other albuminou's sub- 

 stances (albumin, globulin, mucin) and various other pig-- 

 ments that their presence can be determined. 



Chemical determination of albumoses. Take 10 cc of unfil- 

 tered urine and acidulate with a 207c solution of acetic acid. If^ 

 the reaction of the urine is acid, two or three drops will suffice, 

 if alkaline, l^ requires more. Add 5cc of a 20% solution of ace- 

 tate of lead, boil and filter. Add to the filtrate a solution of caus- 

 tic potash until precipitates no longer occur; it may require 15ce 

 or more of the potash solution to bring about this, result ^ it is im^- 



