178 CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. 



portant to use sufficient potash solution as otherwise the reaction 

 will not occur. The filtrate is now subjected to the biuret reac- 

 tion: Add five or six drops of a solution of sodium hydrate, then 

 add, carefully, one or two, or at the most, three, drops of a 10% 

 solution of sulpliate of copper. If albumoses are present a red- 

 dish violet color is produced. This test is the simplest and most 

 reliable for testing the urine of animals, since all substances that 

 might otherwise have interfered with the test are removed. 



Schulz's method is very simple and reliable. Filter the 

 urine and add several volumnes of alcohol to precipitate all of 

 the albuminous substances. Filter again and treat the residue 

 (precipitate) with a stream of water; this dissolves the albumo- 

 ses, if present, and then the biuret-reaction is applied to this solu- 

 tion. 



Albumoses occur in the urine in the course of abscess 

 formation in the internal organs of the body (Strangles), and 

 as a result of the absorption of extensive exudates in the course 

 of influenza of horses, peritonitis and pleuritis. 



The determination of albumoses is of clinical importance 

 for the determination of suspected abscess formation in inter- 

 nal organs. 



III. Hemaglobinuria. The fact that urine con- 

 tains blood may often be recognized by its color alone ; light 

 red urine, resembling meat water, (oxyhemoglobin) is rare. 

 As a rule it has a muddy brownish red color (methemo- 

 globin). A diagnosis cannot be based upon the color alone, 

 a chemical and microscopical examination is necessary. 



Chemical determination. Add caustic potash or soda until 

 the urine is distinctly alkaline, then boil as in albumin test. This 

 converts the hemoglobin into hematin, it is precipitated with the 

 •earthy salts and gives them a reddish brown color. 



The difiference between oxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin 

 must be determined with the spectroscope. Oxyhemoglobin gives 

 two absorption bands between D and E, methemoglobin gives 

 vne between C and D. 



The presence of hemoglobin may be due to admixture 

 of blood as such (hematuria) or to hemoglobin alone (hemo- 

 globinuria). 



Hematuria is recognized by microscopic examination 

 of the sediment and the detection of blood corpuscles. The 

 admixture of blood can occur in the kidney, the pelvis of 

 the kidnev, the bladder or the urethra. It occurs most fre- 



