URINARY APPARATUS. 179 



quently in red water, acute nephritis, renal calculi, hemor- 

 rhagic infarction of the kidney, pyelonephritis, acute cystitis 

 cystic calculi. 



Hemoglobinuria consists in the presence of hemoglobin 

 (without the blood corpuscles) in the urine. The coloring 

 matter is derived either from the blood or the muscles. Ac*^ 

 cordingly we distinguish: 



a. Hematogenic or toxemic hemoglobinuria in red- 

 water of cattle and in Texas fever, also in bad cases of pois- 

 oning which cause decomposition of the red corpuscles in 

 extensive burns and in the course of severe infectious dis- 

 eases. 



b. Myogenic or rheumatic hemoglobinuria in azoturia. 



c. Indican — indoxyl sulphate of potash Q H^ N K 

 S O4, occurs in all urine in moderate amount. It is de- 

 rived from the indol QH,N formed in the alimentary canal 

 during putrefaction of albumin; indol is oxydized into in- 

 doxyl CsH.N O H and then combines with sulphate of 

 potash to form indoxyl sulphate of potash — mdiczn. The 

 urine of the horse contains on an average, 184 mg. per liter. 



If rapid putrefaction of albuminous substances takes 

 place in the alimentary canal the amount of indican is in- 

 creased; this is particularly the case in digestive disorders 

 accompanied with diminished peristalsis, digestion and ab- 

 sorption. Constipation of the ileum produces the largest 

 amount of indican; impaction of the colon on the other hand, 

 is attended with much less indican formation. 



Diarrhea is attended with diminished indican formation. 



^n. '^^/•* ^°/- I" d i c a n . Mix equal parts of urine and 

 pure nitnc acid in a test tube, shake well; then add, drop by drop 

 followed by repeated shaking, a fresh solution of chloride of lime' 

 this_ causes the formation and precipitation of indigo, recognized 

 by Its blue color. The addition of chloroform followed by thor- 

 ough agitation, dissolves the indigo and the resultant blue solution 

 settles at the bottom of the test tube. 



