URINARY APPARATUS. igi 



g?fen coo alo'nrl .'°"?'^- °' ^'^^ ^^^° ^'^^'^s, of which The 

 gicen color alone is characteristic. 



and leiter methods 't', °'f "?,"'''" ^"^ ^^^" superseded by newer 

 <tna Detter methods. The following are recommended: 



Rosenbach's test. Filter the urine through a piece of white 



o nitHc'"cid° U 'wr •'"' ''''''''"' "^^'^ ^h^ — add a drop 

 or nitric acid If bile pigments are present, the characteristic 

 color rings will appear encircling the drop. ^naracten.tic 



According to Dragendorf, this test i-; neatly performed by 



t/T^ '^!?-' °V^^"""^ °" ^ P°'-°"^ plate of eartl^enware 

 and then adding the nitric acid as above. ^aruienware 



^.ii ^^l^^T^^','f ^^/V"^'" sometimes give results when other tests 

 fail. Add milk of hme or calcium chloride to the urine collect 

 the precipitate by hltration, wash with a stream of wat^r hen 



?"lS7anS\e:t"'RT'r''%^" hydrochloric acid and aicohol 

 (o.lOO) and heat. Bilirubin, if present, is oxidized into biliverdin 

 producing a green color. i\eruin, 



Choleuria occurs: In retention of bile in the liver 

 as a result of occlusion of the ductus choledochus in duodenal 

 catarrh, presence of tumors, parasites, concrements. 



In lupinosis and phosphorus poisoning as a result of 

 swelling of the liver and obstruction of the bile ducts. 



In all of these cases the feces are deficient in normal bile 

 contents and as a result appear of a lighter color. 



When the bile secreted is of abnormal consistency 

 (hypercholia), its flow is interrupted and stagnation occurs. 

 This results in the course of the destruction of large num- 

 bers^ of red blood corpuscles ; also in the course of haemo- 

 globinaemia, lumbago, septicemia, pyemia, burns, internal 

 hemorrhage, prolonged chloroform narcosis and similar 

 poisonings. In addition to choleuria the feces also contain 

 much bile. 



