208 CLINICAL DIAGNOSTICS. 



intervals, characterized by interrupted equilibrium and due to cir- 

 culatory disturbances in the brain. 



Cerebral hemorrhage. Apoplexj'. Sudden dizziness, involun- 

 tary movements, loss of consciousness, falling down, paralysis 

 (hemiplegia and monoplegia). 



Eclampsia is an acute epilepsy, ending in recovery or in death. 



Turnsick is a disease of sheep caused by the presence of the 

 larval form of Tenia coenurus in the brain.. 1st stage, cerebral 

 excitement; 2nd stage, latent stage; 3rd stage is that of turnsick, 

 characterized by sj-mptoms of local brain affections. 



Paralysis of the facial nerve. In case of peripheral paralysis 

 the cheeks, lips and nasal muscles are paralyzed, usually unilater- 

 ally; if paralysis is bilateral we have dj'spnea and difficult}' in 

 feeding. In case of central paralysis the upper eyelids droop, 

 eyes cannot be closed and the auricular muscles are affected. 



Lumbar prurigo of sheep is a chronic, hereditary affection of 

 the spinal cord characterized by hyperesthesia, weakness and 

 paralysis of the hind parts and by progressive emaciation, invaria- 

 bly leads to death. 



Infectious Diseases with Localization in 

 the Central Nervous System. 



Tetanus is an intoxication produced by the entrance 

 of the products of the tetanus bacilli into the blood. Spasmodic 

 condition of the entire skeletal muscles, animal is stiff, ej-es re- 

 tracted, membrana nictitans prolapsed, head and neck bent back, 

 back depressed, tail erect. Sawhorse attitude of legs, hock turned 

 out, producing bowleggedness. Spasm of masseter and pharyngeal 

 muscles interfere with mastication and deglutition, spasm of the 

 respiratory muscles affects respiration. Great excitability; thus 

 aggravating the general muscular cramps. At first no fever, later 

 on the fever is high. Pulse strong and full. Animals do not lie 

 down, or when down they cannot get up. Mental condition is 

 normal. 



Rabies is a strictly infectious disease characterized by disturb- 

 ance of the central nervous system. 1. Initial stage. Dogs 

 are restless, moody, easily frightened, want to be out of doors, 

 depraved appetite. 2. Raving stage. Aimless running about, 

 tendency to bite, sometimes break their own teeth in the act, 

 voice changed to a barking howl. 3. Paralytic stage. 

 Emaciation, lower jaw paralyzed, tongue extended, hind quarters 

 paralyzed. Horses show restlessness as in colic, neigh in a 

 peculiar shrill or yelling manner, try to gnaw or bite the point of 

 infection, bite the manger and not infrequently fracture the lower 

 jaw in the act. Paralysis and death follow within three days. 

 Cattle bellow and run against objects with their horns, frequently 

 fracturing them. Sheep and pigs also manifest a desire to bite. 



Infectious cerebro-spinal meningitis. Disease is frequently in- 

 troduced with chills. Slight fever. Sensibility reduced, animals 



