116 



SKELETON OF THE OX 



The orbital wing is thick and is overlapped by the frontal in such manner as to 

 appear externally to divide into two branches; the anterior part joins the ethmoid 

 close to the sphenopalatine foramen, and contains a small sinus which communi- 

 cates with an ethmoidal meatus. The temporal wing is small, but forms a promi- 

 nent thick pterygoid crest. The pterygoid process is wide, and the pterygoid or 

 alar foramen is absent. The sphenoidal sinus is absent in the calf and small in 



Fig. 89. — Skull and Atlas of Ox, Lateral View. 

 9, Zygomatic arch; 11, coronoid proces.s; 13, sui)raoihital process; 13", paramastoid or styloid process; 

 13'", occii)ital condyle; 14, parietal bone; Id, frontal hone; 16, squamous temporal bone; 17, external audi- 

 tory meatu.s; IS, temijoral condyle; 19, orbital surface of lacrimal bone; W, malar bone; 21, facial surface of 

 lacrimal bone; ^.2, nasal bone; ;2J, nasal process of preraaxilla; 24', incisor teeth; 26, maxilla; 27, facial tuber- 

 osity; infraorbital foramen in front of 27;* 2S' , molar part of ramus of mandible; 30, broad vertical part of ramus; 

 30', angle of jaw; 31, condyle of mandible; 32, atlas; x, wing of atlas. (After Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. fiir 

 Kiinstler.) 



the adult; it communicates by one or two small openings with an ethmoidal meatus, 

 and so with the nasal cavity. 



The ethmoid bone has an extensive perpendicular plate. The lateral mass 

 consists of five endoturbinals and eighteen ectoturbinals (Paulli). The largest 

 ethmoturbinal is so extensive as to be termed a third or middle turbinal bone; it 

 projects forward between the upper and lower turl^inals. The lamina papyracea 

 appears to a small extent externally in the pterygo-palatine fossa, forming part 

 of the upper margin of the sphenopalatine foramen. 



The interparietals are primitively paired, but unite before birth. As already 



