118 



SKELETON OF THE OX 



The condition in the young subject is as follows: The two parietals are united with each other 

 and also witla the interparietal and supraoccipital. The resulting mass is somewhat horseshoe- 

 shaped. Its occipital part (Planum occipitale) forms the greater part of the posterior wall of 

 the cranium and bears about its center the tuberosity for the attachment of the ligamentum 

 nuchse. From either side of this a line curves outward, and divides the surface into an upper 

 smooth area and a lower area which is rough for muscular attachment. The upper border joins 

 the frontal bone and concurs in the formation of the frontal eminence. The temporal parts 

 (Plana temporalia) are much smaller and are concave externally; they join the frontal above and 

 the squamous temporal below. 



Fig. 91. — Skui.i, of Ox, Dotisai, View (with Mandible). 

 i^, Supraorljital process; /4, ])arietal bone; /.y, frontal bone; i6", si|uainous temporal bone; /9, orbit; SO, 

 malar bone; 3/, lacrimal bone; -?-?, na.sal bone; HJ, premaxilla; 26, maxilla; ^7, facial tuberosity; .:?4, iucisor 

 teeth. (After EUenberKcr-Baum, .\nat. f. KiiiLstler.) 



The frontal bones are very extensive, forming about one-half of the entire 

 length of the skull, and all of the roof of the cranium. The posterior borciers 

 form with the parietals a large c(>ntral frontal eminence (Torus frontalis), the 

 highest point of the skull. At the junction of tlu> jiosteiior and the lateral borders 

 are the processus cornu or "horn-cores," for the support of the horns. These 

 processes are of elongated conical form, and vary greatly in size, length, curvature, 

 and direction. The external surface is rough and porous, marked by numerous 

 grooves and foramina; in the fre.sh state they are covered by the matrix of the horns. 

 The base has a constriction, the neck. The interior is excavated to form a number 



