THE CESOPHAGUS 



351 



through this it terminates at once at the cardiac orifice of the stomach, at tlie level 

 of the fourteenth thoracic vertebra, a little to the left of the median plane and 

 about four or five inches (ca. 10 to 12 cm.) ventral to the vertebral column 



Viewed with reference to the frontal plane, its course is downward and back 

 ward till it enters the thorax and passes upward to sain the dorsal face of the trachea 

 For a short distance (/. e., to the root of the lung) its chrection is almost horizontal- 



Tcmjumtl niN.scle 



Nerves III, 

 IV, VI, and 



ophthalmic 

 \nternal maxil- 

 lary arlcrij 



Transvirsc 

 facial nerve 

 Buccinator 

 nerve 

 inferior maxil- 

 lary nerve 

 Inferior al- 

 veolar artery 



Great corn a of 

 hyoid bone 



Lingual branch 

 of IX nerve 



External max- 

 illary artery 



Hypoglossal 

 nerve 



Masseteric 

 vessels 



'hyroid cornu of 

 hyoid bone 



Corunoid process 



7V;//.sn /-.ST f(j- 

 rml rrss,ls ' 

 'J'ran.srcrsc fa- 

 cial nerve 

 External ptery- 

 goid tnuscle 



Intermd max- 

 illary vein 

 Internal ptery- 

 goid muscle 

 Ramus of 

 7uiindil)le 

 Hyo-pharyn- 

 geus muscle 



Isthmus fau- 

 cium 

 Tonsil 

 Digastricus 

 {intermed. ten- 

 don) 



Anterior e>ul of 

 sul)maxill(iry 

 gland 



Lingual vein 



External max- 

 illary vein 



Parotid duet 



Lymph gland 



Fig. 255.— Cross-sectiox of Head of Horse. 

 losum-^.^1.rri°" T"T Tr^^ *^" temporo-mandibular articulation, but is slightly oblique. 1, Corpus cal- 

 fZiI^:^£r:::^:^.T:il ^^eaudate nucleus; 4, internal capsule; .5, lenticular nucleus; ., optic chiasm ; 

 gutTura uruches TZii , ff ""^''^^^ ^'r'^."'' ^' '^^^^'^^^^ «'«"«; ^0, Eustachian tube, inner lamina; 11, 11, 

 guttural pouches. 12, soft palate; 13, epiglottis; I4, hyo-epiglottic muscle; lo, thyro-hyoid muscle. 



behind this it passes somewhat upward to its termination. The cervical part of 

 the tube IS about four to six inches (10 to 15 cm.) longer than the thoracic part, 

 while the so-called abdominal part is about an inch (2 to 3 cm.) long.^ 



hardenSfS^sJ^SThmf ;r.f Jf ^'"'''"■'' °??^''" '^^'''^' ^""'^ ^'^°^^ ^" ^^'^^^^h the organs have been 

 Sm The stomnoh hpr^^V^ f \V'° abdominal part of the a^sopha^us in the strict sense of the 

 Ss placed obHnuelvTn Z b f ^'^ "'^ V^^ diaphragm, so that the last inch or so of the a-sopha- 

 SriSneum Tn ?oft , nhi t fb ""' "^.^OP^^'TH"' ^"'^ ^" P^^'^'y ^"^^^''^l ^^-V the pleura, but not by 

 ^SSS^-u^^'^^^^.^S^^^ T^^-^-^ - ■-' d— P-t of th^ 



