THE LIVER 



403 



but the ligamentum teres is found onh' in young subjects. The lesser omentum 

 leaves the liver along a line extending from the oesophageal notch to the portal 

 fissure. The only distinct lobe in the adult is the caudate (Processus caudatus). 

 A gall-bladder (Vesica fellea) is present. This is a pear-shaped sac, four to 

 six inches (ca. 10 to 15 cm.) long, which lies partly on the visceral surface of the 

 liver (to which it is attached), but largely on the abdominal wall at the lower part 

 of the eleventh or twelfth intercostal space. It may be regarded as a diverticulum 

 of the bile-duct, 'enlarged to form a reservoir for the bile. Its neck is continued by 

 the cystic duct (Ductus cy.sticus), which joins the hepatic duct at an acute angle 



Caudate lobe of liver 



Pancreatic duct 



Fig. 299. — Paxcreas of Ox, Gastro-intestinal Surface, with Related Organs. 



The position of some of the larger lymph glands (Lg.) is indicated by dotted line; also the intraglandular course of 



the pancreatic duct. Probe is passed through epiploic foramen (of Wiuslow). 



just outside of the portal fissure, to form with it the bile-duct (Ductus choledochus). 

 The latter is short and enters the second bend of the S-shaped curve of the duo- 

 denum, i. e., about two feet (ca. 60 cm.) from the pylorus. Several small ducts 

 (Ductus hepato-cystici) open directly into the gall-bladder. 



In the new-born calf the liver is relatively much larger than in the adult. The visceral 

 surface presents, below the portal fissure, a large rounded eminence, which is caused by the 

 presence in the underlying gland substance of a large venous sinus into which the umbilical and 

 portal veins empty. A large vessel, the ductus venosus, leads from this sinus directly to the 

 posterior vena cava. Just external to this elevation is a small but distinct lobe about two 

 inches long (Processus papillaris?). The umbihcal fissure is deep and partially divides the gland 

 into two chief lobes. 



