THE STOMACH 



429 



The greater curvature is nearly four times as long as the lesser curvature. 

 In the full stomach it extends considerably behind the left costal arch (having 

 carried the spleen backward) ; ventrally, it lies on the abdominal wall, almosi 

 midway from the xiphoid cartilage to the pubis. 



CEsophagus 



Lesser curvature 

 Pylorus 



Bile-duct 



Fig. 332. — Stomach op Dog, Visceral Surface. 

 Organ fixed in situ when well filled. 



The left extremity or fundus is large and rounded; it is the most dorsal part 

 of the organ, and lies under the dorsal ends of the eleventh and twelfth ribs. 



The pyloric extremity is small and is directed forward and somewhat upward; 

 it lies usually about an inch or two (ca. 3.5 to 5 cm.) below the cardia, a little to 





Cardiac ol. 

 reaioji '^ 



Fig. 333. — ^Everted Stomach of Dog from which 

 THE Mucous Membrane is Removed. 

 O, CEsophagus; D, duodenum; 6, circular fibers; 

 c', internal oblique fibers; c", cardiac loop; c'", transition 

 of internal to external oblique fibers; d, fibers uniting 

 branches of cardiac loop; p, pyloric sphincter; p', antral 

 sphincter. (Ellenberger-Baum, Anat. d. Haustiere.) 



Fig. 334. — Diagram of Zones of Mucous Membrane 

 OF Stom.\ch of Dog. 



the right of the median plane. It is re- 

 lated to the portal fissure of the liver 

 and to the pancreas. 



The cardia is situated about two to 

 three inches (ca. 5 to 7 cm.) from the left extremity, and is oval; it lies a little to 

 the left of the median plane, below the tenth or eleventh thoracic vertebra. 



When empty, or nearly so, the stomach is separated from the ventral abdomi- 

 nal wall by the liver and small intestine, and the greater curvature extends back to 



