THE ARTERIES 



639 



branches (Aa. jejiinales), which form a 

 series of anastomotic arches in the 

 mesentery near the Ijowel. 



Two phrenico-abdominal arteries 

 (Aa. phrenicse caudales) come off from 

 the aorta behind the anterior mesenteric, 

 and divide into phrenic and abdominal 

 branches. Each phrenic artery diverges 

 from its fellow in descendinp; on the ab- 

 dominal surface of the corrcsjionding crus 

 of the diaphragm to the sternal ])art. The 

 inner branches anastomose with those of 

 the opposite artery, the outer branches 

 with intercostal arteries chiefly. Tlu^ ab- 

 dominal arteries give branches to the lum- 

 bar muscles, the renal fat and capsules, 

 and ramify in the oblique alxlominal 

 muscles. 



The renal and spermatic arteries 

 offer no special featui'es. 



The utero-ovarian artery divides 

 near the ovary into three? or four 

 branches which supply the ovary and 

 uterus, anastomosing with the uterine 

 artery. 



The posterior mesenteric artery is 

 small. It divides into two branches 

 which supply the terminal part of the 

 colon ami the anterior part of the 

 rectum. 



The circumflex iliac artery usually 

 arises from the terminal part of the 

 aorta. 



The external iliac artery usually 

 gives off no collateral l)ranches. 



The femoral artery has the usual 

 course. The deep femoral gives off the 

 posterior abdominal and external pudic 

 arteries by a very short common trunk 

 or separately. In the female the ex- 

 ternal pudic divides into anterior and 

 posterior branches; the former runs for- 

 ward, supplies branches to the inguinal 

 lymph glands, the mammary glands and 

 skin, and anastomoses with the mam- 

 mary branch of the internal thoracic 

 artery; the posterior branch pursues a 

 flexuous course between the thighs to 

 the vulva, where its terminal branches 

 anastomose with the internal pudic 

 artery. The anterior femoral may arise 

 by a short common trunk with the 

 external circumflex. The former, ac- 

 companied by the anterior branch of the 



Fig. 492. — Arteries of Pelvic ^^ 

 Limb of Dog, Inter:nal View. 

 a, Abdominal aorta; b, fe- 

 moral; c, c', deep femoral;- d, pos- 

 terior abdominal; e, external pudic; /, internal cir- 

 cumflex; g, anterior femoral (accompanied by an- 

 terior branch of femoral nerve) ; h, external circum- 

 flex; i, k, muscular branches; I, articular branch; 

 7)1, saphenous; n, o, plantar and dorsal branches of 

 saphenous; q, saphenous nerve; r, obturator nerve; 

 i,iUo-psoas; ;?, ilium; S, gracilis; 4, semitendinosus; 

 5, adductor magnus; 6, adductor longus; 7, quadri- 

 ceps femoris; 8, sartorius; 9, semimembranosus; 10, 

 gastrocnemius; 7/, tibialis anterior; IS, tibia. (Ellen- 

 berger-Baum, Anat. d. Hundes.) 



