52 DISEASE AMONG SWINE AND OTHER DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



warm teas by drencliing, with soda dissolved iu it. This disease does its work usually 

 in a few hours. 



We believe most horses have bots in them, but that their ravages are seldom com- 

 mitted upon an animal wlien in good health. Therefore, when a horse is debilitated 

 and his whole organization deranged by disease, is when the bots l)egin their work. 

 This is known by the great restlessness of the horse, and the resting of his nose upon 

 his flank. One-half pint each of whisky, lye, sweet milk and molasses well mixed and 

 poured down the horse in time, is almost a sure cure, but should be followed in one hour 

 by one-half pound of salts, to be rei)eated if inelfectual. These remarks have special 

 reference to this immediate locality, but are alike applicable to the mountainous region 

 of western North Carolina. 



Before closing my statement relating to horses, let me advise the free use of salt and 

 lime, or wood ashes, mixed in food. It serves as a preventive for many of the diseases 

 common among domestic animals of this section. 



Our cattle seldom die of disease, save the "hollow-horn," more justly called "hollow 

 belly," since the latter is generally the cause of the former; and dist inper, believed 

 to be contagious and almost invariably accompanied by what we term the " distemper 

 tick," great numbers of which get upon the cattle about the time and in localities 

 where the disease rages. It is thought to be conmiuuicated by grazing where aliected 

 cattle have lain or grazed. It is also said that a cow may haA^e it iu its system and 

 communicate it to others and show no symptoms in themselves. The free use of sul- 

 phur internally aud kerosene oil externally serves as a good preventive, in which 

 alone is safety. 



Hogs are sometime affected with cholera, which is supposed to be transmitted from 

 one to another. So very fatal is this disease that perhaps 80 per cent, of the hogs at- 

 tacked with it die. Tar and copperas are good preventives, used in food. Kerosene 

 oil and blue stone are as good remedies as we know of here. 



Dr. John Kennedy, Paragon, Morgan County, Indiana, says : 



Hogs being our staple production, I shall treat of the various diseases affecting this 

 animal, all of which are called cholera. In my opinion there are three distinct dis- 

 eases, viz : Lung fever, (pneumonia,) erysipelas, w-hich may affect any one organ or 

 the entire organization of the animal, and enteritis or enteric fever, a disease similar 

 to hospital or camp or typhus fever in the human system. 



The former is mainly brought on by exposure to changes of weather. The two lat- 

 ter are epizootic and contagious, and so closely resemble each other that I shall not 

 attemjit a distinction, as they are quite generally considered the same disease. I shall 

 simply give distinctive symptoms sufficient to enable the ordinary farmer to know 

 what ails his hogs. 



Ill the colder seasons of the year, when the hogs are inclined to pile up to sleep (not 

 being protected, as is nearly always the case in our vicinity), it is noticed that some 

 of them do not readily come up for their morning feed, and when they are driven up 

 they seem stupid aud not inclined to eat. They may have a cough, or this symptom 

 may not show itself for a few days further along. They are thirsty from the begin- 

 ning and the cough, which appears sooner or later, may be accompanied with bleeding 

 at the nose aud mouth, which is an evidence that the luugs are seriously affected. 

 When this latter symptom appears it may be taken as an evidence that the animal 

 will soon be ready for the dead-hog man. The symptoms invariably indicate lung 

 fever. The best treatment is to at once separate the well from the sick ones and if 

 possible provide shelter and protection for all. If you have too many in the herd take 

 out those that are positively healthy and put them on the market, and thereby reduce 

 the number until you can afford shelter and protection for the remainder. A cheap 

 shelter and protection may be constructed by boarding solid your fence so as to shield 

 them from the chilling effects of the northwest winds. Make a cover slanting from 

 the top inward, and throw in stalks and husks for bedding. Further on I shall give 

 a diagram for a barn, such as every hog raiser should have. 



The next thing in the general treatment of the disease is to cease feeding everything 

 except slop made from corn meal, with sufficient salt added to make it palatable. 

 They should not have water of tener than three times a day. I would give from one 

 to two pints of water from pine tar, adding live to ten grains of nitrate of potash to 

 the j)int. During the active stages of the disease and in convalescence, which will take 

 place within from five to seven days, I would use chlorate instead of nitrate of potash. 

 With this simple treatment more hogs will be cured than iu any other waj' that I have 

 known tried. If thought proper, however, a small amount of copperas may be given 

 dniing convalescence, aiij from two to live grains to the hog three times daily in their 

 swill or slop. As a preventive for those not affected nothing is better than the tar 

 water mixed with chlorate of jiotash. As a disinfectant copperas w^ater, or charcoal 

 and wood ashes, may be used. Carbolic acid, if not considered too costly, may also be 

 used in the proportion of one-half ounce to a quart of water. With this the beds 



