DISEASE AMONG SWINE AND OTHER DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 91 



pretty freely, will be found the best remedy. As to cures, all I cau say is that we 

 have found none. 



Chicken-cholera exists among fowls. Sometimes we succeed in curing them by 

 placing black or red pepper and copperas in their food. We find, however, that those 

 who properly care for their hogs and fowls are never troubled with the cholera. 



Mr. Alexander Little, Locksburg, Sevier County, Arkansas, says : 



Our greatest losses here are in hogs. A number of remedies are used, the following 

 being the most eftective : One teaspoouful each of turpentine, calomel and coal-oil, 

 well mixed and used as a drench three times. As a preventive the following will be 

 found very good : One pound each of copperas and sulphur, and two pounds each of 

 common salt and lye-soap. Mix well with meal or bran and give in slop or dough. I 

 have used this preventive for four years and have not lost a hog, while A. L. Marsh, 

 D. M. Johnson, William S. Ferguson, and many others, have lost hundreds of dollars' 

 worth — two hundred head at least. 



Mr. J. M. Pettigrew, Cliarleston, Franklin County, Arkansas, says ; 



There are but two diseases that prevail fatally to any very considerable extent 

 among domestic animals in this county, to wit : The hog and chicken cholera. In 

 this locality the hog-cholera seems to embrace several diseases ; and its diagnosis is 

 various. In some instances the hogs have a slow and continuous fever ; they become 

 sluggish and seem loath to move ; the hair becomes of a reddish color ; they have no 

 appetite. In this drooping condition they gradually grow weaker and weaker until 

 they die, but few recovering. In some cases the first symptom is stifl:ness in the limbs 

 and joints of the hogs ; they move as if they were severely foundered. Soon the skin 

 becomes ulcerated over the body, and about the joints and nose boils will break out, 

 emitting an ofteusive purulent matter. Fever accompanies these symptoms. This 

 type of the disease is very fatal. What few hogs recover shed off most of the hair. 



In other instances the lungs and throat seem to be the seat of the disease. The 

 throat and chest become swollen and the animal is aiflicted with a cough and difficulty 

 in breathing. These symptoms are attended with fever, and prove fatal in a great 

 majority of cases. 



The foregoing are the prevailing types of the disease known here as hog-cholera. 

 By whatever type of the disease the hogs are attacked the same type prevails through- 

 out the entire herd. 



No certain remedy has been found. Copperas and blue vitriol are the most success- 

 ful remedies used here. They are more valuable as a preventive, however, than as a 

 cure. After the hogs have been attacked no remedy has been found to cure any con- 

 siderable uumber of them. A variety of food seems among the best of the preventives. 

 During the past summer and fall I fed my hogs copiously on peaches and apples as 

 they fell from the trees, and they have been entirely exempt from cholera and other 

 diseases, while my neighbors' hogs not so fed have died at a fearful rate. Suds from 

 common lye-soap, used for washing purposes, have proved very beneficial in keeping 

 hogs in a healthy condition. 



The cholera has killed quite a large per cent, of the hogs in this county during the 

 past summer and fall, and in some neighborhoods it is still prevailing. 



Chicken-cholera has also extensively prevailed in this county, and has been quite 

 fatal. The symptoms of attack are cbowsiuess, the gills and comb become of a purple 

 color, and the evacuations are white and watery. The liver becomes wonderfully 

 enlarged and of a paler color than the liver of a healthy fowl. In most instances the 

 fowl becomes exceedingly fat. Here the disease prevails among chickens, turkeys, 

 and guineas. The most successful treatment for the malady is merciary in some form. 

 I have known that treatment in some instances to prove very successful. The most 

 successful preventives are cleanliness of the hennery, the sprinkling of lime over the 

 floor, and the washing of the walls with lime-water. They should have pure water 

 to drink, in which copperas should occasionally be put. Wild turkeys, even when 

 domesticated, seem exemjit from the disease. 



Dr. C. M. Norwood, Bluff City, Nevada County, Arkansas, says : 



All animals, except hogs, have been remarkably healthy for several years past in 

 this section of country. We have had a disease prevailing among swine which has 

 proved very fatal to nineteen-twentieths of those that have been atfected. The dis- 

 ease has been called " hog-cholera " among farmers ; but from observation and some 

 investigation I am led to conclude that cholera is a misnomer. From the most promi- 

 nent symptoms I consider it to be a lung disease altogether. The symptoms are, 

 first, great depression, followed by languor and indisposition to move about for the 

 first four or five days. Second, a slight, dry cough, attended with intense febrile 



