S2 DISEASE AMONG SWINE AND OTHER DOMESTIC ANIMALS. 



excitement and dryness of skin. At this stage there is complete loss of appfetite, 

 and crepitus is aildible in the thoracic region. In this form of the disease death euslI^s 

 about the ninth day. J'oxt-mortcm investigation reveals the stomach, bowels, liver, 

 spleen, and pancreas healthj", but the lung hepatized, the air-vesicles filled with 

 sanguino-])urulent infiltration from the cellular tissue of the lungs, revealing the 

 fact clearly that there has been great and destructive inflammation of the lungs. 

 We must, therefore, conclude from the symptoms and pathological anatomy revealed 

 by this examination that it is pneumonitis of an acute form. We have noticed some 

 hogs that ate heartily and appeared perfectly healthy in the evening, and the next 

 morning were found dead. On j)ost-mortcm examination this class of animals revealed 

 congestion of the lungs, extravasation of blood into the air-vesicles to so great an 

 extent as to lessen the caliber by infiltration, producing death by asphyxia or strangu- 

 lation. I consider this the most violent and pernicious form of this lung disease. 



Another class of subjects are those that recover finally. I consider this to be the 

 acute form, terminating in a typhoid form. The duration of this type of the disease 

 is from about ninety to one hundred and fifty days. Generally, when the disease 

 assumes the typhoid form, there is some purging from the bowels, and this symptom, 

 I presume, has led many to give it the name of " cholera." I consider it altogether a 

 lung disorder, as it presents itself in this locality, and a proper study of the disease 

 would no doubt convince many that they are laboring in error in their diagnosis of 

 this fatal and malignant malady. 



As to treatment, none has ever been adopted that has proven satisfactory. A multi- 

 plicity of remedies have been used by the farmers, but all have signally failed. The 

 only remedy I can give that I consider at all reliable is twenty grains of calomel and 

 one and one-half grains of tartar-emetic mixed and given every other day during the 

 febrile excitement. After the fever has subsided give nourishment freely, such as 

 slop from the kitchen, cooked vegetables from the garden, mush (corn), &c. 



As to the prophylactic treatment, I know of none. I think the poison producing 

 the disease floats in the atmosphere, and that it is not produced from any local cause. 

 The best preventive that presents itself to my mind is to move the herd to some thick 

 forest as soon as the first symptoms of the disease are observed, and not allow them to 

 run in fields or around the farm. 



t# I hope this short and imperfectly- written note may lead some mind to a more thor- 

 ough investigation of this important subject. 



Mr. W. B. Shaw, Beverly, Wasliiiigtoii Couuty, Ohio, says : 



Lambs in this locality have been scourged for several years past with a disease called 

 *" paperskin," which seems to be worse in wet than in dry seasons. It is not uncom- 

 mon to lose an entire flock by the disease. It attacks the lambs at the age of from 

 three to five months, and those in good flesh are as liable to it as those that are in poor 

 condition. When attacked, they become very pale and weak, apparently almost entirely 

 bloodless. The stomach contains small red worms, and frequently, in addition, the ani- 

 mal will be found to have tape-worm. I know of no cause or positive cure for the 

 disease. I have tried many remedies, and have found more benefit from feeding 

 pumpkins than from anything else. 



Many sheep die with grub in the head. The symptoms are bloody, mattery dis- 

 charges from the nostrils. Pine-tar placed in their salt-troughs from June until Sep- 

 tember (during the season the ga 1-fly deposits its eggs) will ba found a preventive. 

 A positive cure will be found in syringing the nostrils with a decoction made from 

 tobacco. 



Chicken-cholera is very common here. We know of no cause, nor have we a remedy, 

 for the disease. 



Mr. D. Stickel, Moiiticello, Pratt County, Illiuois, says : 



There are no diseases prevalent among farm-animals in our county except among 

 Logs, and this class of animals has suffered more severely this fall than for many years 

 past. Many persons have lost entire herds. The various symptoms of the disease are 

 as follows : The hair inclines to st^nd erect ; a hacking cough ; standing around with 

 the nose to the ground; sometimes they have the thumps; frequently they bleed at the 

 nose; some are aftected in the head, the eyes matter and frequently burst; sometimes 

 the tops of the ears get raw and are covered with clotted blood ; sometimes they are 

 purged and at other times they are constipated. 



The duration of the attack varies considerably. This fall the duration of the disease 

 seems shorter than usual, the animals generally dying within from one day to a week 

 after the first symptoms are observed. Once in a while they will linger for weeks, and 

 then die apparently like a person afliicted with consumption or typhoid fever. I think 

 the fatality is nine-tenths of all attacked where no remedies are used. Quite a num- 

 ber of remedies have been used at different times, but with little eftect. Sometimes a 

 remedy will appear to be quite successful for a time, but will finally seem to lose all 



