580 



The tapeworms of birds which belong to this family 

 are chissed iu two (of the several) subfamilies. The 

 forms recorded for the domesticated fowls are of little 

 importance and the records of them are very incom- 

 l>lete. Three species have been reported from poultry. 

 The first of these (Ligula) has been developed experi- 

 mentally in ducks and pigeons; a second species (Both- 

 riotaenia lougieollis) has been recorded but once from 

 ('hickens, and a third form (a "Bothriocephalide") is 

 recorded once from a pigeon. 



Subfamily BOTHRIOCEPHAI.INAE. 



Diagnosis: Body with distinct external segmentation; head 

 witli two elongate slit or groove-like suckers. Type genus; 

 Bothriocephalus Rud., 1808. 



This subfamily contains among other forms the 

 species mentioned above (llothriotaenia longicollis) 

 from chickens, the undetermined genus and species 

 from the pigeon, and a number of species of the genus 

 Bothriocephalus found in wild birds. 



Although an unimportant subfamily, so far as the domesti- 

 cated fowls are concerned, it is quite an important one in 

 human and comparative medicine. Six of its species (Both- 

 riocephalus, B. cristatus, B. cordatus, B. liguloides, B. Mansoni 

 and Krabbea grandis) occur in man, while several forms are 

 recorded from dogs. 



Genus BOTHRIOCEPHALUS Rudolphl, 1808. 

 (1819, Dibothrius Rudolphi; 1850, Dibothrium Diesing.) 

 Diagnosis: Two suckers present; penis, vulva, and uterus 

 open ventro-median. 

 Type species:! B. latus (Linne 1758), Bremser, 1819. 



ilf the rules of nomenclature were strictly adhered to there 

 would be a general rearrangement of the species now included 

 in Bothriocephalus. The species now known as Ptychoboth- 

 rium claviceps (C.oeze, 1782) was used by Rudolphi as the first 

 species of Bothriocephalus, but within recent years B. latus of 

 man has been tacitly unders(of>.d by zoologists as representing 

 the type species of the genus. This view, however, can not be 



