POISONING BY ALOES. 221 



Treatment consists in giving substances which form insoluble com- 

 pounds with lead. It comprises the administration of dilute sulphuric 

 acid, solutions of sodium sulphate or magnesia, milk, eggs, and iodide of 

 potassium. 



COPPER POISONING. 



This is a rare form of poisoning. It may follow ingestion of food 

 stored in copper vessels, licking of ointments containing copper salts, or 

 ingestion of vine leaves, or leaves of other plants which have been sprayed 

 with sulphate or acetate of copper to prevent " mildew." 



The symptoms comprise vomiting of green-coloured material, colic, 

 diarrhoea, muscular weakness, and convulsions. The urine contains dis- 

 solved albumen and haemoglobin. 



The lesions are those of acute enteritis and dilatation of the 

 stomach. The essential lesion consists in decomposition of the blood 

 with the formation of methaemoglobin. Nephritis and granular degene- 

 ration of the muscles form secondary symptoms. 



Treatment consists in administering raw eggs, albumen, milk, muci- 

 lage, flowers of sulphur, or calcined magnesia. 



CARBOLIC ACID POISONING. 



Carbolic acid poisoning sometimes follows the use of carbolic acid 

 solutions in the form of injections, enemas, or baths. 



Symptoms. Administered in over-doses or for too long a time, car- 

 bolic acid produces stomatitis, oesophagitis and vomiting. 



True poisoning is characterised by changes in the kidneys and bladder ; 

 the urine becomes brown and turbid, and possesses a well-marked carbolic 

 odour, the animals suffer from severe trembling and appear stupid, and 

 coma and paralysis precede death. 



The specific lesions consist in parenchymatous nephritis, sometimes 

 accompanied by renal haemorrhage, cystitis and hyperaemia of the lung 

 and brain. The flesh has an odour of carbolic acid, which renders it unfit 

 for human consumption. 



Treatment consists in giving stimulants and slight diuretics, such 

 as ether, alcohol, wine, coffee, saline sulphates, or Glauber's salt. The 

 last named forms phenyl- sulphuric acid, which is not toxic. Olive, 

 rape, or linseed oil has been recommended. All these drugs are useless 

 if the kidney lesions have become too pronounced. 



POISONING BY ALOES. 



This form of poisoning is caused by administering over-doses of aloes. 



Apart from the accidents possible in pregnant female animals, large 

 doses of aloes produce symptoms of super-purgation — profuse diarrhoea, 

 running down pulse, and nervous prostration. 



