CHAPTER IV. 



LUNGS AND PLEURA. 



PULMONARY CONGESTION. 



Besides passive congestions of the lung, which it is unnecessary to 

 describe here, and which result from cardiac or pericardiac affections or 

 the compression of important vessels, there sometimes occur, particularly 

 among young animals, cases of active congestion of the lung. Such cases 

 are produced by over-exertion on the part of animals which have escaped 

 from control or have been chased by dogs. 



They are most common in animals usually kept in stables, but which 

 have accidentally escaped, or in very fat animals. 



Dyspnoea and cough are the chief symptoms. The animals stop as 

 though exhausted, extend their neck and head, dilate their nostrils and 

 thrust their limbs out on either side of the body, while at the same time 

 they appear in a condition of terrible distress. 



The respiration is rapid and short, the patient can scarcely breathe, 

 and asphyxia seems imminent. On auscultation it seems that the 

 respiratory murmur has disappeared over almost the entire extent of 

 the lung. 



Death may occur very quickly. 



The diagnosis is extremely easy, provided that the history is known. 



The prognosis is grave. 



One of the most successful methods of treatment consists in free 

 bleeding. In a great majority of cases this causes the symptoms to 

 abate as though by enchantment. Cutaneous stimulation by mustard 

 and similar irritants, as well as ablutions of cold water, are useful. The 

 animal should be placed in a very airy spot. 



SIMPLE PNEUMONIA. 



History. Veterinary surgeons have long been divided in opinion on 

 the question whether simple pneumonia occurs in animals of the bovine 

 species. Whilst some afi&rm it, others think that all lesions of the lung 

 in the ox, apart from pneumonia due to foreign bodies, should be 

 regarded as of the nature of peripneumonia. 



