PNEUMONIA DUE TO FOREIGN BODIES— MECHANICAL PNEUMONIA. 347 



monic lung resembles a mosaic ; and that, finally, the course of 

 hepatisation is centrii^etal, the inflammation commencing at the peri- 

 phery of the lobule, and progressively extending towards the centre. In 

 pneumonia, on the contrary, pleurisy is always absent; the interlobular 

 connective spaces are only distended slightly, if at all, and always con- 

 tain a brownish-red serosity : the course of hepatisation is centrifugal ; 

 it commences in the pulmonary alveoli, and extends towards the peri- 

 phery and the interlobular divisions. The following table gives a 

 resume of the other differences between the two diseases: — 



Peri2)neu7nonia. 



(Edema of the dewlap. 



Pleural exudate. 



Centripetal lobular hepatisation. 



Extreme infiltration of the interlobular 

 connective tissue spaces (primary yellow 

 infiltration). 



Pneumonia. 



No oedema of the dewlap. 



No pleural exudate. 



Ascending centrifugal lobar hepatisa- 

 tion. 



Moderate infiltration of the interlobular 

 connective tissue spaces (secondary 

 reddish-brown infiltration). 



Treatment. Good hygiene, regular ventilation, moderate warmth, 

 and the administration of tepid drinks facilitate recovery. 



Certain German authors recommend cold compresses to the thorax, 

 douches, and cold enemata in pneumonia. We do not think that such 

 treatment has proved very successful, although it has been well tried. 



The classic treatment commences with moderate bleeding, the free 

 application of mustard to the sides, the application of moxas, frictions 

 with antimonial or blister ointment, and the administration of draughts 

 containing 2 to 2^ drachms of tartar emetic per day, or considerable 

 doses of alcohol; and this treatment seems to have given the best re- 

 sults. Antithermic agents, like acetanilide, phenacetin and quinine sul- 

 phate, are too costly to be greatly used in bovine medicine. Salicylate of 

 soda is preferable. 



In order to assist circulation, support the tone of the heart and avoid 

 engorgement of the lung and asphyxia ; digitalis should be given in doses 

 of f to 1 drachm per day, or digitalin in subcutaneous injections of 5 to 6 

 milligrammes, continued for five or six days. Finally, iodide of potassium 

 may be given in doses of 1 to 1^ drachms, to reduce inflammation and as 

 an expectorant. 



PNEUMONIA DUE TO FOREIGN BODIES-MECHANICAL 

 PNEUMONIA. 



It may happen that in examining a patient pneumonia is diagnosed 

 under circumstances which seem to forbid its being regarded as simple 

 or primary. This may be explained by the fact that ruminants are very 



