352 LUNGS AND PLEUR.E. 



way partly into the larynx and partly into the oesophagus. In the case 

 of astringent, bitter, or highly stimulating drugs, a similar accident may 

 be caused by spasm of the pharynx or oesophagus, where the tongue has 

 not been left free and excessive quantities have been given. 



Again, during the course of diseases complicated with paralysis of the 

 pharynx (cow pox, parturient apoplexy), obstruction of the pharynx and 

 oesophagus (tympanitic indigestion), intense pharyngeal dysphagia (foot- 

 and-mouth disease), etc., the risk of broncho-pneumonia due to foreign 

 bodies is much greater still. It may even occur spontaneously in animals 

 in the enjoyment of comj^lete freedom (foot-and-mouth disease). 



Lastly, cases of broncho-pneumonia have been described as a conse- 

 quence of inhaling foreign bodies, when the animals are fed, for example, 

 with meal made from undecorticated cotton-seed. Under such circum- 

 stances the lesions produced are similar to those of pneumoconiosis in man 

 (the chronic forms of pneumonia of miners, charcoal-burners, quarrymen, 

 stonemasons, etc.). 



Symptoms. The symptoms of gangrenous broncho-pneumonia 

 become apparent immediately after the foreign body has entered the 

 trachea. They commence Avith a violent, spasmodic cough, produced 

 by reflex action, which in its turn is due to the laryngeal mucous mem- 

 brane having been touched. But this cough is now too late to be of use, 

 for the food, drug or liquid has passed into the depths of the trachea, 

 and cannot be ejected. The cough soon ceases, and the animals may 

 even return to their food. These appearances, however, are deceptive, for 

 twelve, twenty-four or forty-eight hours later the cough reappears, whilst 

 appetite diminishes. The attacks of coughing are succeeded by the dis- 

 charge of a greyish or reddish-grey offensively smelling material; respira- 

 tion becomes more rapid, the heart's action violent, and the temperature 

 rises to 103° or even 105° Fahr. (39-5 to 40-5° C). 



The patients soon refuse all solid food, and if the chest is then 

 examined by percussion one finds partial dulness, rarely simple dulness, 

 over the cardiac lobes opposite the point where the girth passes. The 

 partial dulness may rise to a varying height on both sides ; sometimes 

 it is confined to one side. 



On auscultation the respiratory murmur in the upper two thirds of 

 the lung appears exaggerated on both sides, and is found to have 

 greatly diminished, or disappeared altogether in the inferior zone. 



Auscultation through the scapula almost always shows that the 

 anterior lobes are affected ; but, at all events, in the examinations we 

 have made, checked by post-mortem examination, the cardiac lobes have 

 always proved to be most affected, a fact attributable to the direction of 

 the principal bronchi. The lower portion of the posterior lobes may 

 also be affected, but this is rarer. All the lower zone is irregularly 



