SEPTICEMIA OF NEW-BORN ANIMALS. 409 



contains a certain quantity of blood-stained serosity, as do the pleurae 

 and i^ericardium, whilst vascular engorgement of the serous mem- 

 branes is extremely marked. The intestine shows traces of congestion 

 and inflammation throughout its length, and its contents contain the 

 specific organism in very large numbers. 



Finally, in the chronic forms, the serous membranes and the intestine 

 seem only slightly attacked, possibly because the lesions have undergone 

 retrogressive changes. The striking features are the secondary lesions, 

 such as those of pneumonia, broncho-pneumonia, pericarditis, and abscess 

 formation in the lung. 



Nocard gives the following description of the lesions found during his 

 investigation of "white scour" of calves in Ireland {Veterinarian, April, 

 1902, p. 171 ; see also Prof. Mettam's paper. Veterinarian, June, 1902, 

 p. 307) : — " The lesions found on autopsy vary according to whether the 

 evolution of the disease has been rapid or slow. One lesion, however, is 

 never absent — that of the navel and the navel vessels. In all the calves 

 attacked we found a large umbilicus with hardened coats enclosing a clot 

 easily broken down, sometimes soft and purulent. In every case, also, 

 we observed blood suffusions, often very extensive, along the course of 

 the umbilical vessels and of the urachus, invading often the posterior 

 third of the bladder. In cases where the evolution had been rapid we 

 found the lesions of true haemorrhagic septicaemia. All the viscera were 

 congested to excess; their surface was studded with petechiae, ecchy- 

 moses, or subserous blood suffusions. The capillary network of the 

 peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium apj)eared strongly injected. This 

 lesion was especially marked on the epiploon. The intestine was the 

 seat of intense congestion, especially at the level of the ' floating 

 colon.' 



" The mucous membrane was thickened, gorged with blood, and 

 friable ; the solitary glands, thick and protruding, were sometimes 

 transformed into a kind of bloody magma, or they were ulcerated, as in 

 anthrax ; the contents of the bowel were mixed with' a large quantity of 

 blood. The mucous membrane of the fourth stomach was altered nearly 

 to the same degree ; it was studded with interstitial haemorrhages, espe- 

 cially above the level of the open edge of its folds. The mesenteric 

 glands — esj^ecially those of the colon — were enormous, gorged with blood, 

 reddish, and often haemorrhagic. The mucous membrane of the bladder 

 was often covered with petechiae, the urine which it contained was clear 

 and limpid, but always rich in albumen. [In one samj^le which was 

 analysed, the urine contained more than 4 grammes of albumen to the 

 litre.] The lungs were gorged with blood, like the intestines ; sometimes 

 they were manifestly oedematous, but generally their tissue was still 

 supple, elastic, permeable, and without apparent lesion. 



