426 DISEASES OF THE BLOOD. 



Symptoms. The development of this parasite produces in the 

 patient loss of appetite and high fever, accompanied by the passage 

 of dark coloured haemoglobinuric urine. Icterus is frequently present. 

 The animals rapidly become exhausted, collapse and die. 



On post-mortem examination carried out immediately after death 

 the spleen is found to be large, the pulp being like wine lees. The 

 liver is soft and yellowish ; the kidneys are soft and black. 



The disease is said not to be transmissible by direct trans- 

 fusion (?). 



It would appear that this disease has also been seen in Turkey by 

 Nicolle and Laveran, near Constantinople, in 1899. The parasites {Piro- 

 plasma oris) are round or slightly elongated and occur near the peri- 

 phery of the red blood corpuscles. It is to be hoped in the interest of 

 breeders in localities where this disease rages that . Lignieres' method of 

 vaccination against bovine piroplasmosis may prove reliable and equally 

 applicable in the case of sheep. 



DISEASES PRODUCED BY TRYPANOSOMATA.* 



In 1904 Professor Koch delivered an address, from which the following 

 is a summary, to the Berlin Medical Society regarding his experiences 

 and observations on diseases produced by trypanosomata in Africa: — 



A wide field of study has recently been opened by the discovery of 

 various pathological protozoa. Three discoveries especially have directed 

 attention to these special disease organisms — 



(1.) Laveran's discoveries regarding malaria. Eoss has shown that 

 the malaria parasites are carried by mosquitoes {Anopheles claviger). 



(2.) The discovery of the protozoa of Texas fever by Smith. In this 

 case ticks {lihipiceplialus (boopliilus) annulatus) convey the disease. 



(3.) The discovery of the trypanosoma of the tsetse disease, which is 

 conveyed by a stinging fly {Glossina morsitans). 



These discoveries were followed by numerous others indicating pro- 

 tozoa as causes of disease. 



The trypanosomata are morphologically distinguished by the existence 

 of a flagellum. When fresh blood is examined it is scarcely possible to 

 overlook the protozoa in the preparation, for attention is at once attracted 

 by the energetic way in which the red blood corpuscles are continually 

 being displaced. The peculiar form of the protozoa, however, can only 

 be detected in stained preparations. Eomanowsky's staining method is 



* An interesting article and a series of figures on the " Evolution of the 

 Trypanosoma Evansi " were published in the Jour, of Comp. Path, and Thei'ap. 

 for September, 1904, p. 210. The same number also contained articles on several 

 piroplasmic diseases. 



