448 LYMPHATIC SYSTEM. 



important to know that a deep-seated popliteal gland also exists 

 above the semi-tendinosus and semi-membranosus muscle in the thick- 

 ness of the muscles of the thigh; as also an ischiatic gland opposite 

 the ischiatic notch, which can only be examined by internal palpa- 

 tion from the pelvis, and an anal gland situated deeply on the sides 

 and in front of the sphincter ani. 



With the exception of those of the pelvis and of the sublumbar 

 region, the glands of the thoracic and abdominal cavity cannot be 

 examined, but change in them is indicated under certain circum- 

 stances by clearly defined clinical symptoms, and moreover it is 

 necessary to be able to detect changes in these glands on jpost-mortem 

 examination. 



In the thoracic cavity the lymphatic apparatus comprises the 

 mass of the prepectoral glands, which extends into the anterior medi- 

 astinum between the first ribs (glands of the entry to the chest), the 

 aortic lymphatic gland situated beneath the dorsal portion of the 

 spine opposite the bifurcation of the aorta, and the lymphatic glands 

 of the posterior mediastinum, one of which is relatively small and is 

 lodged in the concavity of the posterior aorta, the other large, elon- 

 gated and situated immediately above the oesophagus in front of its 

 passage through the diaphragm. 



In the abdominal cavity a sublumbar chain is found situated on 

 the sides of the lumbo-sacral portion of the vertebral column, the 

 mass of the subsacral lymphatic glands, and, at the entrance to the 

 pelvis, extending on either side along the course of the external iliac 

 arteries and veins and resting on the shafts of the iliac bones, the 

 iliac glands. 



All these glands are partly accessible to examination by the rectum. 



Last of all, we may mention the gland situated on the hilum of 

 the liver, the mesenteric glands, and the little lymphatic glands above 

 the sternum. 



In the front limb the only glands of importance from a clinical 

 standpoint are those of the internal surface of the shoulder, close to 

 the divisions of the brachial plexus. 



When enlarged or invaded by any specific organism, they may, 

 by compressing the nerve trunks, cause lameness. 



THE LYMPHOGENIC DIATHESIS. 



(lymphadenitis, lympho-cyth^mia, myelo-cyth^mia.) 



It has been questioned whether the term " lymphogenic diathesis," 

 which was employed in human medicine by Jaccoud to describe certain 

 morbid conditions also found in animals of the bovine species, should 



