SECTION XL . 

 OPERATIONS. 



CHAPTER I. 



CONTROL OF ANIMALS. 



CONTROL OF OXEN. 



The safe and efficient performance of surgical operations renders 

 it necessary that the animal should first of all be placed under 

 complete control. This precaution, therefore, is the first to merit 

 attention. Animals are either secured completely or to a more or 

 less limited extent, according to circumstances. The ox, for example, 

 may be secured by the head, one or more limbs may be fastened, or, 

 by being placed in a trevis, the whole of the animal may be secured. 



PAKTIAL CONTROL. 



(1.) The simplest method of securing the ox is to grasp the nostrils 

 or lower extremity of the septum nasi between the thumb and index 

 finger of the right or left hand (Fig. 57). 



(2.) This method may be rendered more complete by the assistant 

 passing his arm from behind forward over the animal's head between 

 its horns, and then grasping the nostrils as above described, whilst 

 one of the horns is firmly held with the other hand (Fig. 58). 



(3.) A third method consists in fixing the head to a post, tree, 

 fence, or other solid body, by passing a rope round the base of the 

 horns and tying it to the object selected. 



CONTROL OF THK LIMBS. 



To prevent the animal kicking or moving about during' an opera- 

 tion it is sometimes necessary to fix the limbs. A front leg may be 

 lifted as for shoeing, or may be kept lifted by means of a rope passed 

 around the fetlock, over the withers, downward between the front 

 legs, outside the forearm, in .front of the chest and inside the pastern, 

 after which one or more turns may be m de around the pastern to 

 prevent the rope slipping. 



