CASTRATION. 



757 



Castration by the Exposed Method. — The operation is the same 

 as in the horse, the scrotum being incised on either side, and the 

 dartos, connective tissue, tunica vaginahs scroti, and tunica 

 vaginaHs testis being divided. Short clams are appHed to the 

 cord, and the himen of the arteries is completely oblite- 

 rated in five to six 

 days, when the 

 clams can be 

 removed. 



Instead of an in- 

 cision being made 

 for the removal of 

 each testicle, the 

 scrotum and dartos 

 may be divided in 

 the middle line, after 

 which incisions may 

 be made to the right 

 and left respectively, 

 exposing the fibrous 

 tissue and enabling 

 the testicles to be 

 enucleated. A clam 

 may then be applied 

 to each cord, or the 

 two cords may be in- 

 cluded in one pair 

 of clams. 



This method has the advantage of inflicting less injury on the 

 scrotum, a point which is of some importance in animals destined for 

 slaughter. 



Castration by the Covered Method. — This operation is identical 

 with the preceding, except that the incision of the scrotum does 

 not involve the cremaster and fibrous tunic, or the tunica vaginalis 

 scroti. 



Fig. 315. — Crushing the testicular cord. (This method 

 is to be strongly condemned.) 



CASTRATION BY TORSION. 



The cord may be twisted throughout its entire length or torsion 

 may be limited to a part of the cord, hence the two methods here- 

 after described. 



(a) Limited Torsion. — The testicles are exposed as in castration 

 by the open method. The cord is then drawn forward and fixed by 



