758 



GENITO-URINARY ORGANS. 



means of forceps applied just outside the scrotum ; | to 1 inch below 

 this point the torsion forceps are applied. The cord is slowly 

 twisted, and usually ruptures about the centre of the fragment in- 

 cluded between the two pairs of forceps. 



(b) Direct or Unlimited Torsion.— First stage. The testicle is ex- 

 posed, as in castration 

 by the covered method. 

 Second stage. The 

 cord and vaginal tunic 

 are twisted by grasp- 

 ing the testicle, which 

 is protected with a 

 piece of clean linen. 



CASrEATION WITH THE 

 ACTUAL CAUTERY. 



The testicles are 

 exposed, the cords are 

 seized with clams and 

 divided separately or 

 together with a sharp- 

 bladed cautery at a 

 white heat. The es- 

 char so produced is 

 sufficiently dense to 

 obliterate the vessels. 



CASTRATION BY THE 

 ELASTIC LIGATURE. 



This method has 

 been largely employed 

 during the last ten 

 or fifteen years. It 

 consists in applying to the upper part of the scrotum several turns 

 of a tensely stretched round or square rubber thread. The two 

 ends of the rubber thread are crossed and tied with string. About 

 the seventh or eighth day the testicles may be removed with a 

 knife close to the ligature, provided the process of delimitation is 

 well advanced. 



The chief objection to this method lies in the fact that the 

 scrotum is destroyed, which lowers the value of the animal from 

 a commercial point of view. 



ifMani. JC 



Fig. 316. — Castrating the ram by ligature, 

 method is to be strongly condemned.) 



(This 



