STOMACH. 181 



trie glands open. In the region of the pylorus there are small 

 folds, called the plicce villosce. Further, the whole surface often 

 is divided by furrows into polygonal fields, which condition 

 is known as the status mamillaris. This is said to be due to 

 an unequal development of the gastric glands. The mucosa 

 consists, as in the oasophagus, of epithelium, tunica propria, 

 and muscularis mucosse. 



The epithelium covering the surface of the mucosa is a 

 single layer of cylindrical cells. The protoplasm of that half 

 of the cell toward the surface usually is clear or contains very 

 fine granules, while that of the half next the membrana pro- 

 pria is made up of large, coarse granules. The oval or round 

 nucleus lies generally in the coarsely granular part of the 

 cell. The cells only exceptionally possess a cuticle as in the 

 intestine. 



At the cardiac end of the stomach the single layer of 

 cylindrical cells passes abruptly over into the epithelium of 

 the oasophagus. 



Under the epithelium is the tunica propria, which is a loose 

 connective-tissue layer containing a considerable number of 

 leucocytes. The lymphocytes form in some places groups 

 similar to the solitary follicles of the intestine. In the tunica 

 propria are situated all the gastric glands, of which we distin- 

 guish three kinds : 



Most widely distributed are the true gastric glands ( gl. gas- 

 tricce proprice). These are known also as fundus glands or 

 peptic glands. They are distributed over the whole fundus 

 and body of the stomach, and appear as simple tubular glands 

 (Fig. 135). These often branch, take a slightly curved course, 

 and traverse the whole thickness of the tunica propria as far as 

 the muscularis mucosaa. Usually many of these open into one 

 foveola, which is as deep as one-third the thickness of the 

 mucosa, and which may be considered as the gland duct. In 

 the glands one can distinguish a neck and a body. The latter 

 ends blindly, and the lumen of the gland is everywhere quite 

 narrow. 



The epithelium lining the true gastric glands is made up of 



