56 



COELENTERATA— POEIFEKA 



PHYLUM II 



Caryospongia, Carpospongia RaufF. Ordovician and Silurian ; Europe. 



Falaeomanon Roem. {Astylomanon RaufF). Like Astylospongia, but bowl- 

 shaped, with shallower and wider cloacal depression. Entire . surf ace covered 

 with pores. Silurian ; North America. P. cratera Roem. 



Caryomanon, Carpomanon RaufF. Silurian ; North America. 



Hindia Duncan (Fig. 57&). Body spherical, with perforate periphery, 

 traces of attachment wanting. All canals radiate from the centre outward. 

 Skeletal elements composed of three simple rays beset with prickly tubercles, 

 and a reduced button-like fourth arm. All spicules regularly disposed in rows 

 parallel with the radial canals. Silurian ; North America. 



Neohindia Schrammen. Upper Cretaceous ; Germany. 



Suborder 3. ANOMOCLADINA Zittel. 



{Didymmorina RaufF.) 



Skeletal elements composed of short, smooth rays with spherically inflated ends 

 which give off three, four or more simple or digitale hranches ; the latter are united 

 hy zygosis with processes of adjacent rays ; axial canals simple. Dermal spicules 

 rod-shaped monaxons. Upper Silurian to Recent. 



Anomoclonella, Pycnopegma RaufF. Silurian ; North America. 

 Cylindrophyma Zittel (Fig. 58). Body cylindrical, thick-walled, attached ; 

 cloaca wide and tube-like, receiving numerous radial canals, and extending 



Cylindrophyma milleporata (Goldfuss). Upper White Jura ; Hoclisträss. A, Two specimens, 1/2 natural size. 

 B, Skeleton magnified 30 diameters. C, Detached siteletal element of Cylindrophyma, 60/^ (after Rauflf). 



down as far as the base. External surface perforated by fine ostia. Common 

 in Upper Jurassic. 



Melonella Zittel. Skeleton apple-shaped or hemispherical, with broad base, 

 or provided with very short .peduncle ; base covered with wrinkled siliceous 

 skin. Cloaca deep, funnel-shaped. Coarser canals arched, parallel with peri- 

 phery ; finer incurrent canals radially directed. Upper Jurassic. M. radiata 

 (Quenstedt). 



