CLASS II BEACHIOPODA 355 



Cenomanian a niimber of Clieilostomatous genera make their appearance. The fauna 

 is especially well developed in tlie vicinity of Le Mans, Havre and Essen, and in 

 Saxony, Northern Germany and Bohemia. 



Bryozoans are surprisingly abundant in the Upper Cretaceous, particularly in the 

 Upper Pläner of Northern Germany, Saxony and Bohemia, in the White Chalk, and 

 the facies of Aix-la-Chapelle and Maestricht. D'Orbigny alone has described not less 

 than 547 species of Upper Cretaceous Cyclostomata, and about 300 Cheilostomata ; 

 many of these, however, are Synonyms or unrecognisable. 



The Cheilostomata retain their siipremacy throughout the Tertiary period. The 

 Eocene and Oligocene deposits of the northern and southern slopes of the Alps are 

 remarkable for the abundance of their Bryozoan remains ; some of the most noted 

 Eocene localities being Kressenberg, Hammer and Neiibeuern in Upper Bavaria ; 

 Mossano, Crosara and Priabona, near Vicenza ; and Oberburg in Styria. The 

 Oligocene of Northern Germany, and the Miocene of Touraine, the Rhone Valley, 

 Upper Swabia, and the Vienna Basin, are also remarkably rieh in Bryozoan remains. 

 The Pliocene fauna of Italy, Rhodes, Cyprus and England (notably the Coralline 

 Crag) is made up almost entirely of existing genera, and in many cases of existing 

 species. 



[The revision of the preceding chapter on Bryozoa has been prepared for the present 

 edition by Dr. R. S. Bassler, of the United States National Museum at Washington, D.C. — 

 Editor. ] 



Olass 2. BRAOHIOPODA Dumeril.^ 



(Revised by Charles Schuchert.) 



Bivalved Molluscoidea with inequivalved, equilateral shells attached to extraneous 

 objects by a posterior Prolongation of the body, or pedicle, throughout life or during 



^ Literature : A. Anatomy and Embryology. — Hancocky A., On the Organisation of Brachio- 

 poda. Phil. Trans., 1858, vol. cxlviii. — Morse, E. S., On the Early Stages of Terebratulina 

 septentrionalis. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1873, vol. ii. — On the Systeniatic Position of the 

 Brachiopoda. Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 1873, vol. xv. — KovalevsM, A. 0., Observation on the 

 Development of Brachiopoda. Proc. Inip. Soc. Amateur Nat. Moscow, 1874, vol. xiv. — Brooks, 

 W. K., The Development of Lingula and the Systematic Position of the Brachiopoda. Sei. Results 

 Chesapeake Zool. Lab. 1878. — ShipLey, A. J£., On the Structure and Development of Argiope. 

 Mittheil. Zool. Station Neapel, 1883, vol. iv. — Oehlert in Fischers Manuel de Conchyliologie. 

 Paris, 1887. — Beecher, C. E., and Clarke, J. M., The Development of some Silurian Brachiopoda. 

 Mem. New York State Museum, 1889, vol. i. — Beecher, 0. E., Development of the Brachiopoda. 

 Amer. Journ. Sei., 1891-92, vols. xli., xliv. — Revision of the Families of Loop-bearing Brachiopoda. 

 Trans. Conn. Acad., 1893, vol. ix. — Beecher, C. E., and Schuchert, C, Development of the Shell 

 and the Brachial Supports in Dielasma and Zygospira. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 1893, 

 vol. viii. — Biickman, S. S., Homoeomorphy among Jurassic Brachiopoda. Proc. Cotteswold Nat. 

 Field Club, 1901, vol. xiii. — Brachiopod Homoeomorphy : Pygope, Antinomia, Pygites. Quart. Journ. 

 Geol. Soc. London, 1906, vol. Ixii. — Brachiopod Homoeomorphy : " Spirifer glaber." Ibid., 1908, 

 vol. Ixiv. — Blochmann, F., Untersuchungen über den Bau der Brachiopoden. Jena, 1892, 1900. 



B. Distribution of Recent Forms. — Schuchert, C, Paleogeographic and Geologie Signiticance of 

 Recent Brachiopoda. Bull. Geol. Soc. America, 1911, vol. xxii. 



C. Bibliography. — Dali, W. H., Index to the Names which have been applied to the Sub- 

 divisions of the Class Brachiopoda. Bull. U.S. Nat. Museum, No. 8, 1877.— Davidson, T., and 

 Dalton, W. H., Bibliography of the Brachiopoda. Palaeont. Soc, 1S86.— Schuchert, C, Synopsis 

 of American Fossil Brachiopoda. Bull. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1896, No. 87. 



D. Systematic Workü. — Walcott, C. D., Cambrian Brachiopoda. Mon. 51, U.S. Geol. Surv., 

 1912. — Davidsoll, T., Monograph of British Fossil Brachiopoda. Palaeontographical Society, 

 1851-86, vols. i.-v. — Idem, A Monograph of Recent Brachiopoda. Trans. Linn. Soc, 1886-88, 

 vol. iy. — Waagen, W., Salt Range Fossils. Palaeont. Indica, ser. 13, 1882-85, vol. i.—Bittner, A., 

 Brachiopoda der Alpinen Trias. Abhandl. k.k. geol. Reichs-Anst., Wien, 1891-92, vols. xvi., xvii.— 

 Hall, J., and Glarke, J. M., Introduction to the Study of Palaeozoic Brachiopoda. Palaeont. New 

 York, 1892-95, vol. viii., parts 1, 2.— Au Introduction to the Study of the Brachiopoda. Rept. 

 New York State Geologist, 1892-93, parts 1, 2.— Schuchert, C, Synopsis, etc.. see above.— 



