SUBPHYLUM III 



INSECTA 



803 



Illustrations of the tegiiiina of typical Paleozoic cockroaches are showii in 

 Figs. 1547 and 1548. Aniong North American examples may be mentioned 

 Adelohlafta (Fig. 1549) and Äsemoblatta (Fig. 1547) Hand- 

 lirscli, botli froni the Goal Measnres of Illinois ; Phylohlatta 

 and Bradyblatta Handlirsch, from the Perinian of West 

 Virginia ; Etoblattina and Spiloblattina Scudder, from the 

 Carboniferous and Permian respectively. 



Order 12. MANTOIDEA Handlirsch. 



(Soothsayers or Praying Insects). 



Head exserted but deßexed, not covered by the j^fothorax, 



which is elonyate and variously formed, but never disk-lihe. 



Mouth parts and antennae as in the Blattoidea. First jpair 



of legs largely developed, raptorial, the coxae elongate and 



free; second and third pair of legs simple and similar ; the 



tarsi five-jointedj without a päd between the claws ; a pair of 



jointed cerci near the extremity of the body. Tegmina less 



highly specialised than in the Blattoidea, subcosta well de- pio. 1549. 



veloped, anal area not so distinct. Adeloblatta columbiana 



(Scud.). Goal Measures ; Mazon 

 The earliest members of this Order are the extinct Creek, Illinois, ^k (after 



Palaeomantidae from the Upper Permian of Russia, Higher 



types, such as tlie extinct Haglidae and Geinitziidae, appear in the Lower and Upper 



Lias respectively, of England and Germany. The latter family contains the single 



genus Geinitzia Handlirsch (Fig. 1550), represented by three 



species. Comparatively few Tertiary forms are known, but 



in the modern fauna the Mantidae are an extensive family, 



showing extreme variety in the shape of the body, and 



characterised by the very remarkable front legs. 



CUy 



Fig. 1550. 



Geinitzia schlieffeni (Gein.). Upper Lias ; Dobbertin in 

 Mecklenburg. 5/2 (after Handlirsch). 



Fig. 1551. 



Parotermes inslgnis Scudder 

 Miocene lake beds ; Florissant, 

 Colorado, -^/i. 



Order 13. ISOPTBRA BruUö. (Termites or White Ants). 



Social terrestrial Insects. Head not concealed, ivith orthopteroid mouth parts, and 

 simple antennae consisting of from nine to thirty-one joints. Wing pairs elongate and 

 similar, anal area reduced, and, owing to a sutiire nmr the base of the wings, the 

 'latter are deciduous. Legs similar, the body terminated by a pair of short cerci, 

 ovipositor concealed. JFingless individuals {worJcers, or sexually reduced males and 

 females) are polymorphous. 



True Termites or White Ants appear first in the Eocene, and are represented in 

 Tertiary formations by about forty species. In the modern fauna upwards of 350 



