812 



ARTHROPODA 



are recognisable. Chauliodes Latreille (Fig. 1571), an interesting form, 

 in lialtic ainber of Lower Oligocene age. 



PHYLUM VII 



preserved 



Order 29. RAPHIDIOIDEA Handlirsch. (Snake-flies). 



Terrestrial Insects with prognathous orthopteroid mouth parts and long, multi- 

 articulate antennae. Head large, ahdomen slender, prothorax greatly prolonged and 

 very mobile. Wings similar, memhranous, of nearly equal size ; venation more highly 

 specialised than in the Megaloptera, with a prominent pterostigma ; anal veins forming 

 several irregulär cells, of moderate size, and never fan-shaped in arrangement. Legs 

 similar, with five-jointed tarsi ; no cerci ; females with an elongate exserted ovipositor. 

 Larvae of terrestrial hahits, without abdominal legs and furnished with mouth parts 

 adapted for biting. 



Only two Recent genera are known, Eaphidia Burm., and Inocellia Schneid., 

 comprising in the aggregate about forty species. The former of these occurs fossil in 

 Baltic amber of Lower Oligocene age, and both genera are represented in the Miocene 

 lake beds of Florissant, Colorado, by a few species, Megaraphidia elegans Cock. also 

 occurs at the last-named locality. It is to be inferred, however, that the group is 

 of pre-Tertiary origin, inasmuch as the modern genera are peculiar to the Palearctic 

 and Nearctic regions. 



Order 30. NBUROPTBRA Linnaeus. (Lacewing-flies, Ant-lions, etc.). 



Usually slender, often very small Insects of terrestrial habits, with orthopteroid 

 mouth parts and generally long and multiarticulate antennae. Wings membranous, 

 subequal in size, with much reticidation, and longitudinal veins giving off numerous 

 branches towards the margin, some of them distally forked ; anal area not defined, with 

 few irregulär veins; pterostigma seldom developed. Legs similar, lüith five-jointed 

 tarsi, front pair sometimes raptorial ; abdomen without cerci or terebra. Larvae either 

 aquatic and provided with respiratory abdominal legs, or terrestrial ; in both cases with 

 mandibles and maxillae co-adapted toform spear-lihe organs that are suctorial in function. 



In the emended sense this order includes only a limited number of species, of 

 which about 1300 are Recent, less than 30 are Cenozoic, and a small number are 



Fio. 1572. 

 Iirodromus Handl. 



Prohn,.,: _ , _ 



pobb(;rUu in M.'cklenbiirK 

 Handlirsch) 



Upper Lias ; 

 Vi (reconstructed by 



Fig. 1573. 



Brongniartiella inconditissima Handl. 

 Lithographie Stone ; Solenhofen, Bavaria. 

 2/3 (after Handlirsch). 



andT;rt. Lw t ^ ' r':1 ^f"" Palaeodictyopteroid ancestors. The oldest 

 .»est pnm>tive fa.ndy, that of the Prohemerobiidae, is represented in the Lias 



I 



