814 



ARTHßOPODA 



PHi'LUM VII 



Tertiary of Europe and North America. Representatives of tlie families Meropidae 

 and t Eobanksiidae, the latter typified by Eohanksia Cockerell, are also known from 

 the Florissant lake beds. About 100 Recent species of Scorpion-flies are known. 



Order 33. TRICHOPTERA Kirby {Phryganoidea Stephens). 



Moderate-sized, water-frequenting Inseds with long, multiarticulate antennae and 

 reduced or obsolete mandibles, but ivell-developed maxülae. Wings memhranous, unequal, 

 more or less clothed with hair, nervures dividing at very acute angles ; the front pair 

 ivith longüudinal veins moderately branched, very few cross-veins, specialised anal area, 



and often a pterostigma ; the hind pair generally 

 with an enlarged and plicated anal lobe. Pro- 

 thorax small, legs similar, with five-jointed tarsi 

 and prominent spiirs ; cerci reduced, terebra 

 loanting. Larvae aquatic, with well - developed 

 mandibles, and as a rule providing themselves with 

 cases or tubes formed of extraneous matter. 



Fig. 1576. Sonie half - dozen genera coniprising fifteen 



Necrotaulius inte-nnedhis Handi. Upper gpecies of primitive Caddis-flies are known from 



Lias; Dobbeitin in Mecklenburg, »/i (alter \ . ^ - r ^i v i • .. ^v 



Handlirsch). Mesozoic rocks, most Ol them belongmg to the 



extinct family Necrotauliidae. Necrotaulius 

 Handl. (Fig. 1576); and Trichopteridium Geinitz are examples from the Upper Lias 

 of Germany. About 1400 Recent and 200 Tertiary species have been recorded, 

 of which 24 occur in the Miocene lake beds of Florissant, Colorado. At this 

 locality remains in the imago State are extremely abundant, and many such remains 

 have been found in Europe. On the other band, the so-called indusial limestone 

 of Auvergne, which is from two to three metres thick over a wide area, is largely 

 composed of the cases of Phryganoid larvae. Similar masses of tubes occur also in 

 the Green River Eocene of Wyoming. 



Order 34. LBPIDOPTERA Linnaeus. (Butterflies and Moths). 



Terrestrial Insects with suctorial mouth parts, in which the mandibles are ahmst 

 invariably reduced and the first maxillae are either small -or, in higher forms, frolonged 

 in a spirally coiled proboscis ; antennae multi- 

 articulate and of various shapes. Fore and hind 

 itnngs unequal in size, membranous and densely 

 covered with scales ; the hind -pair shorter and 

 usually without enlarged anal area. Longitu- 

 dinal veins giving off but a limited number of 

 straight branches, and with very few cross-veins. 



Fid. 1577. 



J ■knvj, ad', edles dornest Öppenli. Middle Jura 



öiberia. -^/s (after Oppenheim). 



Fig. 



Eocicada lameeri Handl. Lithographie 

 8tone (Upper Jura) ; öoleuhofen, Bavaria. 

 Au Upper Jurassic Lepidopterid, the antennae 

 and ocelli restored. . 4/y (after Handlirseh). - - 



