Influence of Disease. 



Milk from cows affected with acute and sub-acute intestinal 

 inflammations should be judged in the same way as milk from 

 animals affected with septic metritis. 



The ingestion of milk from cows affected with bloody or fetid 

 diarrheas should be especially guarded against. The appearance 

 of sickness in man after the ingestion of such milk has been satis- 

 factorily proved by Gaffky and Follenius. 



Two assistants and a helper of the Hygienic Institute of Giessen drank milk of 

 this character and became sick with dullness, headaches and chills. After two days 

 diarrhea, vomiting and high fever appeared. The clinical manifestations in the two 

 assistants simulated those of typhoid fever, while in the helper they were similar to 

 those of Asiatic cholera. The milk originated from a cow affected with hemorrhagic 

 enteritis. Gaffky demonstrated rapidly growing and strongly virulent colon bacilli 

 both in the bloody excrements of the cow and in the stools of the affected patients. 



In the presence of infectious diseases the milk of the en- 

 tire stable should be withdrawn from use, or should be rendered 

 safe by suitable treatment, as for instance by pasteurization. Such 

 milk should never be sold as certified or infants' milk. Jensen ex- 

 tends this prohibition even to milk from stables in which white 

 scour of calves, and other calf affections of an infectious nature 

 have occurred. 



Dangerous properties of the milk should also be considered in 

 the appearance of other diseases, as for instance malignant catarrh- 

 al fever, purulent broncho-pneumonia, traumatic pericarditis, rin- 

 derpest, etc. (Bongert). In all cases of hemorrhagic, purulent, 

 acute or chronic inflammations of the kidneys the milk should be 

 judged similarly to milk from animals with intestinal inflamma- 

 tions. In such affections the freezing point of the milk approaches 

 zero, and the refraction index is lower. At the same time these 

 values in animals affected with inflammations of the kidneys vary 

 extensively. 



Special Infectious Diseases. 



Tuberculosis of animals, especially its hygienic importance, 

 is considered here in connection with tuberculosis of the udder. 

 It should be mentioned at this point that some investigators be- 

 lieve that the toxins of the tubercle bacillus pass into the milk. A 

 change of the quality of the milk will occur only in cases in which 

 the advanced chronic affection of the animal results in lasting 

 emaciation, or when an acute attack of the disease, associated with 

 fever, appears during the chronic course of the disease. In tuber- 

 culosis the milk may become bluish, and poor in fat, the sugar and 

 proteid substances may be diminished, or the latter may be even in- 

 creased (Storch). Several tables, which indicate the experimental 

 results of Monvoisin, are taken from Grimmer 's "Chemistry and 

 Physiology of Milk." 



