Internal Influences on the Character of Milk. 



1000 gm. of milk contained Tuberculous cows without 



Healthy cows tuberculosis of the udder. 



Acidity as lactic acid 1 . 543 . 664 1 . 292 



Total nitrogen 5.87 8.67 4.21 



Fat 46.5 29.6 59.7 



Sugar 43.5 29.8 43.9 



Solids 142.3 126.05 147.5 



Ash 7.3 8.2 6.7 



Chlorin (sodium chloride) ... 1.4 4.13 1.05 



Freezing Point 0.55 



Eefraction at 15 deg 1 . 3434 1 . 3416 1 . 3442 



In rinderpest, according to Busson, the amount of fat and 

 sugar diminished rapidly, whereas the casein, albumin and salt 

 increased. The passage of the contagion of rinderpest into the 

 milk in a direct way from the blood is probable; the milk, how- 

 ever, can be contaminated with certainty through infectious secre- 

 tions and excretions. Einderpest is of no practical importance 

 from the standpoint of milk hygiene, to most of the European 

 countries (with the exception of Turkey), since it has been eradi- 

 cated with the aid of veterinary police measures and even in the 

 event of any possible introduction, it will be immediately sup- 

 pressed. 



Milk from cows affected with contagious pleuro-pneumonia 

 is supposed to have caused the death of children (Randou, Lecujer 

 and Wiedemann). Secretion of milk is immediately reduced at the 

 onset of this disease, it becomes poor in fat and sugar, richer in 

 albumin and ash, its appearance resembles that of colostrum, and 

 its taste is peculiar. The contagion of pleuro-pneumonia appears 

 to pass into the blood but rarely, and therefore its elimination in 

 the milk can occur only exceptionally, if at all. Contagious pleuro- 

 pneumonia is also subject to the most stringent veterinary police 

 measures, and therefore has but little practical importance for 

 milk hygiene. 



Similar conditions prevail with pox of cattle. This disease 

 however demands our interest for the reason that the infectious 

 agent of cow pox must be considered as a mild form of smallpox 

 of man. Cattle usually become affected through transmission of 

 the disease from naturally infected men, or from those vaccinated 

 with cow pox. The infection occurs if during milking the contagion 

 of pox is rubbed into visible or invisible wounds of the skin of the 

 udder. The infected teats manifest roundish or oval, hard papules 

 of the size of a pea, which after 1 to 2 days change into yellowish- 

 white vesicles of a mother-of-pearl luster. After ripening into pus- 

 tules which requires from 8 to 10 days, the lesions show a charac- 

 teristic depression in their center, the so-called navel of the pox. 

 They either rupture and suppurate, or dry and heal, leaving a 

 superficial scar. 



The udder becomes sensitive to pain, the milk is thinner, and 



